Depressed individuals typically show poor memory for positive events, potentiated memory for negative events, and impaired recollection. These phenomena are clinically important but poorly understood. Compelling links between stress and depression suggest promising candidate mechanisms. Stress can suppress hippocampal neurogenesis, inhibit dopamine neurons, and sensitize the amygdala. We argue that these phenomena may impair pattern separation, disrupt the encoding of positive experiences, and bias retrieval toward negative events, respectively, thus recapitulating core aspects of memory disruption in depression. Encouragingly, optogenetic reactivation of cells engaged during the encoding of positive memories rapidly reduces depressive behavior in preclinical models. Thus, many memory deficits in depression appear to be downstream consequences of chronic stress, and addressing memory disruption can have therapeutic value.

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抑郁症记忆障碍的机制

抑郁的人通常对积极事件的记忆力很差，对消极事件的记忆力增强，并且记忆力受损。这些现象在临床上很重要，但知之甚少。压力和抑郁之间令人信服的联系表明了有希望的候选机制。压力可以抑制海马神经发生，抑制多巴胺神经元，并使杏仁核敏感。我们认为，这些现象可能会分别损害模式分离、破坏积极体验的编码以及对消极事件的偏见检索，从而概括出抑郁症记忆中断的核心方面。令人鼓舞的是，在积极记忆编码过程中参与的细胞的光遗传学重新激活迅速减少了临床前模型中的抑郁行为。因此，