Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as flame retardants, plasticizers, and as hydraulic fluids. They are present in indoor environments in high concentrations compared with other flame retardants, and human exposure is ubiquitous. In this study we provide data for estimating dermal uptake for eight OPEs and ranking in OPEs risk assessment. Dermal uptake and percutaneous penetration of the OPEs were studied in a Franz diffusion cell system using human skin dosed with a mixture of OPEs in an ethanol:toluene (4:1) solution. Large variation in penetration profiles was observed between the OPEs. The chlorinated OPEs tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), and in particular tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), penetrated the skin quite rapidly while tris(1,3-dichlor-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) tended to build up in the skin tissue and only smaller amounts permeated through the skin. For tris(isobutyl) phosphate (TIBP), tris(n-butyl) phosphate (TNBP), and tris(methylphenyl) phosphate (TMPP) the mass balance was not stable over time indicating possible degradation during the experimental period of 72 h. The rates at which OPEs permeated through the skin decreased in the order TCEP > TCIPP ≥ TBOEP > TIBP ≥ TNBP > TDCIPP > TPHP > TMPP. Generally, the permeation coefficient, k_p, decreased with increasing log K_ow, whereas lag time and skin deposition increased with log K_ow. The present data indicate that dermal uptake is a non-negligible human exposure pathway for the majority of the studied OPEs.

有机磷酸酯（OPEs）用作阻燃剂，增塑剂和液压油。与其他阻燃剂相比，它们以高浓度存在于室内环境中，并且人体暴露无处不在。在这项研究中，我们提供了估计八种OPE的皮肤吸收量以及OPE风险评估中的排名的数据。在Franz扩散池系统中，使用在乙醇：甲苯（4：1）溶液中混合了OPE混合物的人类皮肤，研究了OPE的皮肤吸收和经皮渗透。观察到各OPE之间的渗透曲线差异很大。氯化OPEs磷酸三（2-氯异丙基）酯（TCIPP），尤其是磷酸三（2-氯乙基）酯（TCEP）渗透皮肤的速度非常快，而tris（1，磷酸3-二氯-2-丙基）（TDCIPP）和磷酸三苯酯（TPHP）倾向于在皮肤组织中积聚，只有很少的量透过皮肤渗透。对于磷酸三（异丁酯）（TIBP），磷酸三（正丁酯）（TNBP）和磷酸三（甲基苯基）酯（TMPP），质量平衡会随着时间推移而不稳定，表明在72小时的实验期间可能降解。OPEs透过皮肤的渗透速率按TCEP> TCIPP≥TBOEP> TIBP≥TNBP> TDCIPP> TPHP> TMPP的顺序降低。通常，渗透系数k 和磷酸三（甲基苯基）酯（TMPP）随时间推移不稳定，表明在72小时的实验期间可能降解。OPEs透过皮肤的渗透速率按TCEP> TCIPP≥TBOEP> TIBP≥TNBP> TDCIPP> TPHP> TMPP的顺序降低。通常，渗透系数k 和磷酸三（甲基苯基）酯（TMPP）随时间推移不稳定，表明在72小时的实验期间可能降解。OPEs透过皮肤的渗透速率按TCEP> TCIPP≥TBOEP> TIBP≥TNBP> TDCIPP> TPHP> TMPP的顺序降低。通常，渗透系数k_p随log K _ow的增加而降低，而滞后时间和皮肤沉积随log K _ow的增加而增加。目前的数据表明，对于大多数被研究的OPEs，皮肤摄取是不可忽略的人类暴露途径。