Long-term device stability is the most pressing issue that impedes perovskite solar cell commercialization, given the achieved 22.7% efficiency. The perovskite absorber material itself has been heavily scrutinized for being prone to degradation by water, oxygen and ultraviolet light. To date, most reports characterize device stability in the absence of these extrinsic factors. Here we show that, even under the combined stresses of light (including ultraviolet light), oxygen and moisture, perovskite solar cells can retain 94% of peak efficiency despite 1,000 hours of continuous unencapsulated operation in ambient air conditions (relative humidity of 10–20%). Each interface and contact layer throughout the device stack plays an important role in the overall stability which, when appropriately modified, yields devices in which both the initial rapid decay (often termed burn-in) and the gradual slower decay are suppressed. This extensively modified device architecture and the understanding developed will lead towards durable long-term device performance.

鉴于达到22.7％的效率，长期的设备稳定性是阻碍钙钛矿太阳能电池商业化的最紧迫问题。钙钛矿吸收剂材料本身已受到严格审查，因为它易于被水，氧气和紫外线降解。迄今为止，大多数报告都在没有这些外部因素的情况下表征了设备的稳定性。在这里，我们证明，即使在环境空气条件下（相对湿度为10–20）连续无密封运行1000小时，钙钛矿型太阳能电池即使在光（包括紫外线），氧气和湿气的综合压力下仍可以保持94％的峰值效率。 ％）。整个设备堆栈中的每个界面和接触层在整体稳定性方面都起着重要作用，如果对其进行了适当的修改，产生了既抑制了初始快速衰减（通常称为老化）又抑制了逐渐较慢的衰减的器件。这种广泛修改的设备架构和发展的理解将导致持久的长期设备性能。