The soluble lead flow battery (SLFB) is a promising energy storage system. In comparison to conventional flow batteries, the membrane-less and single-flow design of SLFBs is potentially much more economical to scale up for utility-scale applications. However, SLFB lifespan reported so far is less than 200 cycles under normal flow conditions. This study reports a method for significantly extending the cycle life and expanding capacity of SLFBs. By adding an adequate amount of sodium ethanoate to the electrolyte, lead dioxide (PbO₂) deposition stability is materially improved and shed PbO₂ particles are substantially reduced. Lifespan of ethanoate-added SLFBs is shown to extend by over 50%, and under optimal condition exceeds 500 cycles at over 65% energy efficiency. This improvement in SLFB performance is primarily attributed to the stabilization of both the electroplated PbO₂ layers and proton activity at the electrodeposit-electrolyte interphase. We demonstrate a novel and economical approach for advancing performance of membrane-less flow batteries that involve redox reactions associated with acidity variation and operate through electrodeposition.

可溶性铅流电池（SLFB）是一种很有前途的储能系统。与传统的液流电池相比，SLFB的无膜单流设计可能会更经济地扩展到公用事业规模的应用。但是，到目前为止，在正常流量条件下，SLFB的寿命不到200个循环。这项研究报告了一种显着延长SLFB的循环寿命和扩展其容量的方法。通过向电解液中添加适量的乙醇酸钠，可以大大改善二氧化铅（PbO ₂）的沉积稳定性并降低PbO _2的排放量。颗粒大大减少了。已显示添加乙酸乙酯的SLFB的寿命可延长50％以上，并且在最佳条件下，能效超过65％时可超过500个循环。SLFB性能的提高主要归因于电镀PbO ₂层的稳定性和电沉积-电解质界面的质子活性。我们展示了一种新颖，经济的方法来提高无膜液流电池的性能，该工艺涉及与酸度变化相关的氧化还原反应并通过电沉积操作。