Inorganic contaminants accumulation in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) is a great threat to water quality and safety. This work assessed the main risk factors for different water pipes and discovered the release profile of accumulated materials in a full scale distribution system frequently suffered from water discoloration problem. Physicochemical characterization of pipe deposits were performed using X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The metal release profile was obtained through continuous monitoring of a full-scale DWDS area. The results showed that aluminum and manganese were the main metals of deposits in nonmetallic pipes, while iron was dominant in iron-based pipe corrosion scales. Manganese primarily existed as MnO₂ without well crystalline form. The relative abundance of Mn and Fe in deposits changed with their distance from the water treatment plant. Compared with iron in corrosion scales, Mn and Al were more labile to be released back into bulk water during unidirectional flushing process. A main finding of this work is the co-release behavior of Mn and Al in particulate form and significant correlation exists between these two metals. Dual control of manganese and aluminum in treated water is proposed to be essential to cope with discoloration and trace metal contamination in DWDS.

饮用水分配系统（DWDS）中无机污染物的积累对水质和安全性构成了巨大威胁。这项工作评估了不同水管的主要危险因素，并发现了经常遭受水变色问题的全尺寸分配系统中累积材料的释放曲线。使用X射线荧光，扫描电子显微镜，X射线衍射，X射线光电子能谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱对管道沉积物进行理化表征。通过连续监测全尺寸DWDS区域获得金属释放曲线。结果表明，铝和锰是非金属管道沉积物中的主要金属，而铁在铁基管道腐蚀垢中占主导地位。锰主要以MnO的形式存在₂无良好的结晶形式。矿床中锰和铁的相对丰度随距水处理厂的距离而变化。与腐蚀垢中的铁相比，Mn和Al在单向冲洗过程中更不稳定，会释放回大量水中。这项工作的主要发现是颗粒形式的Mn和Al的共释放行为，并且这两种金属之间存在显着的相关性。提议对处理水中的锰和铝进行双重控制对于应对DWDS中的变色和痕量金属污染至关重要。