W rit large, we can divide immune and inflammatory responses into the primitive innate immune response and the evolutionarily more recent adaptive immune response. Innate immunity mobilizes swiftly in response to signals derived from pathogens or damaged cells. Adaptive immunity arises more slowly but shows exquisite selectivity, with the ability to recognize a wide gamut of specific structures. The adaptive immune response encompasses both antibodies, generally derived from B lymphocytes, and cellular responses engendered by specific antigens mediated by T lymphocytes. Although we have known that T cells reside in the human atherosclerotic plaque for more than 3 decades (1–6), the concept that adaptive immunity participates functionally in lesion formation and evolution took time to hold sway. The suggestion that immunity may play a role in atherosclerosis initially met considerable skepticism (7). Now, the bulk of the experimental evidence supports a causal role for the immune system as a modulator of atherosclerosis. Yet

中文翻译：

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驯服免疫和炎症反应以治疗动脉粥样硬化*

大体上，我们可以将免疫和炎症反应分为原始的先天免疫反应和进化上更近的适应性免疫反应。先天免疫响应来自病原体或受损细胞的信号而迅速动员。适应性免疫出现较慢，但表现出极好的选择性，能够识别广泛的特定结构。适应性免疫反应包括通常源自 B 淋巴细胞的抗体和由 T 淋巴细胞介导的特定抗原产生的细胞反应。尽管我们已经知道 T 细胞在人类动脉粥样硬化斑块中存在 3 年以上 (1-6)，但适应性免疫在功能上参与病变形成和进化的概念需要时间来占据主导地位。免疫可能在动脉粥样硬化中起作用的建议最初遭到了相当多的怀疑 (7)。现在，大部分实验证据支持免疫系统作为动脉粥样硬化调节剂的因果作用。然而