Abstract The charge-discharge performances of lithium-ion batteries in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and pure electric vehicles (EVs) decline rapidly at low temperatures. Many heating methods have been proposed to improve low-temperature performance, but these heating methods require long heating time and lithium-ion batteries at the end of heating have poor temperature uniformity. Recently, a self-heating lithium-ion battery (SHLB) has been proposed to recover charge-discharge performances of lithium-ion batteries at low temperature in short time. However, temperature uniformity of a lithium-ion battery heated by SHLB is also poor. A three-dimension heating finite element model is established in this work to analyze temperature gradient of a lithium-ion battery heated by SHLB heating method in detail, and intermittent SHLB heating method is proposed. For the intermittent SHLB heating method, a lithium-ion battery is heated for some time and stopped heating for some time instead of continuing heating. Through simulation analysis and comparison, heating for 0.1 s and stopping heating for 0.3 s is proposed to decrease the temperature gradient, and temperature difference is decreased from 10–11 K to 2–3 K.

中文翻译：

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寒冷气候下间歇加热提高锂离子电池温度均匀性

摘要 混合动力汽车（HEV）和纯电动汽车（EV）中锂离子电池的充放电性能在低温下迅速下降。为了提高低温性能，人们提出了多种加热方式，但这些加热方式需要较长的加热时间，且加热末期的锂离子电池温度均匀性较差。最近，人们提出了一种自热锂离子电池（SHLB），以在短时间内恢复锂离子电池在低温下的充放电性能。但是，SHLB加热的锂离子电池的温度均匀性也很差。本文建立了三维加热有限元模型，详细分析了采用SHLB加热法的锂离子电池的温度梯度，并提出了间歇式SHLB加热方法。对于间歇式SHLB加热方式，锂离子电池加热一段时间后停止加热，而不是继续加热。通过仿真分析对比，提出加热0.1 s，停止加热0.3 s，以减小温度梯度，温差由10-11 K减小到2-3 K。