Regenerative medicine aims to tackle a panoply of challenges from repairing focal damage to articular cartilage to preventing pathological tissue remodeling after myocardial infarction. Hydrogels are water-swollen networks formed from synthetic or naturally derived polymers and are emerging as important tools to address these challenges. Recent advances in hydrogel chemistries are enabling researchers to create hydrogels that can act as 3D ex vivo tissue models, allowing them to explore fundamental questions in cell biology by replicating tissues' dynamic and nonlinear physical properties. Enabled by cutting edge techniques such as 3D bioprinting, cell-laden hydrogels are also being developed with highly controlled tissue-specific architectures, vasculature, and biological functions that together can direct tissue repair. Moreover, advanced in situ forming and acellular hydrogels are increasingly finding use as delivery vehicles for bioactive compounds and in mediating host cell response. Here, advances in the design and fabrication of hydrogels for regenerative medicine are reviewed. It is also addressed how controlled chemistries are allowing for precise engineering of spatial and time-dependent properties in hydrogels with a look to how these materials will eventually translate to clinical applications.

中文翻译：

---

利用先进的水凝胶技术应对再生医学的关键挑战。

再生医学旨在解决从修复关节软骨局部损伤到预防心肌梗塞后病理组织重塑的一系列挑战。水凝胶是由合成或天然衍生的聚合物形成的水溶胀网络，正在成为应对这些挑战的重要工具。水凝胶化学的最新进展使研究人员能够创建可充当 3D 离体组织模型的水凝胶，使他们能够通过复制组织的动态和非线性物理特性来探索细胞生物学的基本问题。在 3D 生物打印等尖端技术的支持下，充满细胞的水凝胶也正在开发中，其具有高度受控的组织特异性结构、脉管系统和生物功能，它们共同可以指导组织修复。此外，先进的原位形成和无细胞水凝胶越来越多地用作生物活性化合物的递送载体和介导宿主细胞反应。本文综述了再生医学水凝胶设计和制造的进展。它还讨论了受控化学如何允许精确设计水凝胶中的空间和时间依赖性特性，并探讨这些材料最终如何转化为临床应用。