BACKGROUND There is emerging evidence that calorie information on restaurant menus does not similarly influence the ordering decisions of all population groups and may have unintended consequences for individuals who struggle with disordered eating or other weight-related concerns. OBJECTIVE This study describes demographic patterns in the use of calorie information on restaurant menus and investigates relationships between using this information to limit calorie intake and measures of restaurant visit frequency and weight-related concerns and behavior. DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS There were 788 men and 1042 women (mean age=31.0±1.6 years) who participated in the fourth wave of the Project EAT study. Participants were initially recruited from Minneapolis-St Paul, MN, schools and completed EAT-IV surveys online or by mail from 2015 to 2016. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants self-reported weight-related concerns, restaurant eating, intuitive eating, dieting, healthy (eg, exercise) and unhealthy (eg, use of laxatives) weight-control behaviors, and binge eating. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Descriptive statistics and linear and logistic regression models accounting for demographics and weight status. RESULTS Approximately half of participants (52.7%) reported they had noticed calorie information while purchasing a meal or snack in a restaurant within the previous month. Among individuals who noticed calorie information, 38.2% reported they did not use it in deciding what to order. The most common use of calorie information was to avoid high-calorie menu items (50.1%) or to decide on a smaller portion (20.2%). Using menu labels to limit calories was related to binge eating among women and was associated with more weight-related concerns, dieting, and unhealthy weight-control behaviors among both women and men. CONCLUSIONS Nutrition educators and other health care professionals should talk with clients who struggle with disordered eating or weight-related concerns to learn about their use of calorie information at restaurants, address any potential unintended consequences, and promote healthy uses of calorie information.

中文翻译：

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餐厅菜单上的卡路里标签：体重控制行为的使用与订购决策有关吗？

背景有新出现的证据表明，餐厅菜单上的卡路里信息不会类似地影响所有人群的订购决定，并且可能对与饮食紊乱或其他与体重相关的问题作斗争的个人产生意想不到的后果。目标 本研究描述了在餐厅菜单上使用卡路里信息的人口统计模式，并调查了使用这些信息来限制卡路里摄入量与餐厅访问频率的测量以及与体重相关的问题和行为之间的关系。设计/参与者 共有 788 名男性和 1042 名女性（平均年龄 = 31.0±1.6 岁）参与了第四波 EAT 项目研究。参与者最初是从明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯-圣保罗的学校招募的，并于 2015 年至 2016 年通过在线或邮寄方式完成了 EAT-IV 调查。主要结果测量参与者自我报告与体重相关的问题、餐厅饮食、直觉饮食、节食、健康（例如锻炼）和不健康（例如使用泻药）体重控制行为以及暴饮暴食。执行的统计分析 描述性统计和线性和逻辑回归模型说明人口统计和体重状态。结果 大约一半的参与者 (52.7%) 表示他们在上个月在餐厅购买餐点或小吃时注意到了卡路里信息。在注意到卡路里信息的人中，38.2% 的人报告说他们在决定点什么时没有使用它。卡路里信息最常见的用途是避免高卡路里菜单项 (50.1%) 或决定较小部分 (20.2%)。使用菜单标签来限制卡路里与女性暴饮暴食有关，并且与女性和男性更多的与体重相关的问题、节食和不健康的体重控制行为有关。结论 营养教育者和其他医疗保健专业人员应与患有饮食失调或体重相关问题的客户交谈，以了解他们在餐厅使用卡路里信息的情况，解决任何潜在的意外后果，并促进卡路里信息的健康使用。