New therapies based on the use of biomolecules [e.g., proteins, peptides, and non-coding (nc)RNAs] have emerged during the past few years. Given their instability, adverse effects, and limited ability to cross cell membranes, delivery systems are required to fully reveal their biological potential. Sophisticated nanoformulations responsive to light offer an excellent opportunity for the controlled release of these biomolecules, enabling the control of timing, duration, location, and dosage. In this review, we discuss the design principles for the delivery of biomolecules, in particular proteins and RNA-based therapeutics, by light-triggerable formulations. We further discuss the opportunities offered by these formulations in terms of endosomal escape, as well as their limitations.

在过去的几年中，出现了基于生物分子[例如蛋白质，肽和非编码（nc）RNA]的新疗法。考虑到它们的不稳定性，不利影响以及穿过细胞膜的能力有限，需要使用输送系统来充分展现其生物学潜力。对光敏感的复杂纳米制剂为这些生物分子的受控释放提供了极好的机会，从而可以控制时间，持续时间，位置和剂量。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了通过光触发制剂传递生物分子，特别是蛋白质和基于RNA的治疗剂的设计原理。我们将进一步讨论这些制剂在体内逃逸方面所提供的机会，以及它们的局限性。