Dual-ion battery with the use of both cations and anions as means of energy storage promises high power, as the ions do not have to travel from one electrode to another during charge and discharge. Though, actual rate performance of an electrode is highly dependent on material, electrode configuration and electrolyte. Here, we have identified the key parameters governing the rate performance of PF₆⁻ intercalation into graphite. Capacity is increased by increasing the surface area of the graphite material. Electrical conductivity and stability are enhanced with carbon addition in the electrode with reduced cut-off voltage. Operating voltage is reduced by increasing the salt concentration, and ionic conductivity is improved with the use of carboxymethyl cellulose as binder. Optimized graphite electrode delivers a capacity of about 90 mAh g⁻¹ at 10 mA g⁻¹, and 90% of it can still be accessible at a rate of 500 mA g⁻¹, with excellent cycle stability for at least 200 cycles. The dual-ion battery is demonstrated to give power density superior to that of lithium-ion battery, and energy density superior to that of supercapacitor.

同时使用阳离子和阴离子作为能量存储方式的双离子电池有望提供高功率，因为​​在充电和放电过程中离子不必从一个电极移动到另一个电极。但是，电极的实际倍率性能高度依赖于材料，电极配置和电解质。在这里，我们确定了控制PF ₆速率性能的关键参数^-嵌入石墨中。通过增加石墨材料的表面积来增加容量。通过在电极中添加碳并降低截止电压，可以提高电导率和稳定性。通过增加盐浓度可以降低工作电压，并且通过使用羧甲基纤维素作为粘合剂可以改善离子电导率。优化的石墨电极在10 mA g ^-1时可提供约90 mAh g ^-1的容量，并且仍可以以500 mA g ^-1的速率接近90％的电量，并具有出色的循环稳定性（至少200次循环）。事实证明，双离子电池可提供比锂离子电池更高的功率密度，以及比超级电容器更高的能量密度。