Palladium nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide (Pd-rGO) and palladium nanoparticles intercalated inside nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide (Pd-NrGO) hybrids have been synthesized by applying a very simple, fast and economic route using microwave-assisted in-situ reduction and exfoliation method. The Pd-NrGO hybrids materials show good activity as catalyst for ethanol electro oxidation for direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) as compared to Pd-rGO hybrids. The enhanced direct ethanol fuel cell can serve as alternative to fossil fuels because it is renewable and environmentally-friendly with a high energy conversion efficiency and low pollutant emission. As proof of concept, the electrocatalytic activity of Pd-NrGO hybrid material was accessed by cyclic voltammetry in presence of ethanol to evaluate its applicability in direct-ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). The Pd-NrGO catalyst presented higher electro active surface area (∼6.3 m² g⁻¹) for ethanol electro-oxidation when compared to Pd-rGO hybrids (∼3.7 m² g⁻¹). Despite the smaller catalytic activity of Pd-NrGO, which was attributed to the lower exfoliation rate of this material in relation to the Pd-rGO, Pd-NrGO showed to be very promising and its catalytic activity can be further improved by tuning the synthesis parameters to increase the exfoliation rate.

通过应用微波辅助的原位还原和剥离技术，通过非常简单，快速且经济的途径，合成了装饰有钯的纳米颗粒和氧化还原的氧化石墨烯（Pd-rGO），以及嵌入氮掺杂的还原的氧化石墨烯（Pd-NrGO）杂化材料中的钯纳米颗粒。方法。与Pd-rGO杂种相比，Pd-NrGO杂种材料具有直接乙醇燃料电池（DEFC）的乙醇电催化催化剂的良好活性。增强型直接乙醇燃料电池可以替代化石燃料，因为它是可再生的且对环境友好的，具有高能量转换效率和低污染物排放。作为概念证明，在乙醇存在下，通过循环伏安法研究了Pd-NrGO杂化材料的电催化活性，以评价其在直接乙醇燃料电池（DEFCs）中的适用性。Pd-NrGO催化剂具有较高的电活性表面积（约6.3 m² 克^-1）为乙醇电氧化时相比的Pd-RGO杂种（~3.7米² 克^-1）。尽管Pd-NrGO的催化活性较小，这是由于该材料相对于Pd-rGO的剥落速率较低，但Pd-NrGO表现出很大的前景，并且可以通过调节合成参数来进一步提高其催化活性。增加去角质率。