Controlled laboratory experiments were conducted to test the effects of copper (Cu²⁺) and butyltins (BuT) on the growth, photosynthetic activity and toxin content of two HABs (Harmful Algal Blooms) dinoflagellates, the planktonic Alexandrium catenella and the benthic Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Microalgae were exposed to increasing concentrations of Cu²⁺ (10⁻⁴ to 31 nM) or BuT (0.084 to 84 nM) for seven days. When considering the growth, EC₅₀ values were 0.16 (±0.09) nM and 0.03 (±0.02) nM of Cu²⁺ for A. catenella and O. cf. ovata, respectively. Regarding BuT, EC₅₀ was 14.2 (±6) nM for O. cf. ovata, while A. catenella growth inhibition appeared at BuT concentrations ≥27 nM. Photosynthetic activity of the studied dinoflagellates decreased with increasing Cu and BuT concentrations. For O. cf. ovata, the response of this physiological parameter to contamination was less sensitive than the biomass. Cu exposure induced the formation of temporary cysts in both organisms that could resist adverse conditions. The ovatoxin-a and -b concentrations in O. cf. ovata cells increased significantly in the presence of Cu. Altogether, the results suggest a better tolerance of the planktonic A. catenella to Cu and BuT. This could result in a differentiated selection pressure exerted by these metals on phytoplankton species in highly polluted waters. The over-production of toxins in response to Cu stress could pose supplementary health and socio-economic threats in the contaminated marine ecosystems where HABs develop.

受控的实验室进行实验以测试铜（Cu的效果²⁺）和丁基锡（BUT）上的生长，光合活性和两个赤潮（赤潮）甲藻毒素含量，浮游链状亚历山大藻和底栖Ostreopsis比照 卵子。将微藻暴露于浓度不断增加的Cu ²⁺（10 ^-4至31 nM）或BuT（0.084至84 nM）中，持续7天。当考虑生长时，对于A. catenella和O. cf ，EC ₅₀值分别为0.16（±0.09）nM和Cu ^2+的0.03（±0.02）nM 。卵形， 分别。关于但是，EC ₅₀为14.2（±6）纳米的O.比照 卵形，而在≥27 nM的BuT浓度下出现了对链霉菌的生长抑制。研究的鞭毛藻的光合作用活性随Cu和BuT浓度的增加而降低。对于O.比照 卵子，该生理参数对污染的响应不如生物质敏感。铜暴露在两种生物体中均会形成可抵抗不利条件的暂时性囊肿。在ovatoxin-a和-b浓度O.参见 卵形铜的存在下细胞明显增加。总而言之，结果表明浮游的A. catenella对Cu和BuT有更好的耐受性。这可能会导致这些金属对高污染水域中浮游植物种类施加不同的选择压力。因铜胁迫而导致的毒素过度生产可能对HAB产生的受污染海洋生态系统构成补充健康和社会经济威胁。