Large-eddy simulation (LES) has proven to be a computationally tractable approach to simulate unsteady turbulent flows. However, prohibitive resolution requirements induced by near-wall eddies in high-Reynolds number boundary layers necessitate the use of wall models or approximate wall boundary conditions. We review recent investigations in wall-modeled LES, including the development of novel approximate boundary conditions and the application of wall models to complex flows (e.g., boundary-layer separation, shock/boundary-layer interactions, transition). We also assess the validity of underlying assumptions in wall-model derivations to elucidate the accuracy of these investigations, and offer suggestions for future studies.

中文翻译：

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复杂湍流的壁面模型大涡模拟

大涡模拟 (LES) 已被证明是一种计算上易于处理的方法来模拟非定常湍流。然而，高雷诺数边界层中的近壁涡流引起的令人望而却步的分辨率要求使得必须使用壁模型或近似壁边界条件。我们回顾了最近对壁面模拟 LES 的研究，包括新颖的近似边界条件的开发以及壁面模型在复杂流动中的应用（例如，边界层分离、激波/边界层相互作用、转变）。我们还评估了墙模型推导中基本假设的有效性，以阐明这些研究的准确性，并为未来的研究提供建议。