Nine decades of rocket engine and gas turbine development have shown that thermoacoustic oscillations are difficult to predict but can usually be eliminated with relatively small ad hoc design changes. These changes can, however, be ruinously expensive to devise. This review explains why linear and nonlinear thermoacoustic behavior is so sensitive to parameters such as operating point, fuel composition, and injector geometry. It shows how nonperiodic behavior arises in experiments and simulations and discusses how fluctuations in thermoacoustic systems with turbulent reacting flow, which are usually filtered or averaged out as noise, can reveal useful information. Finally, it proposes tools to exploit this sensitivity in the future: adjoint-based sensitivity analysis to optimize passive control designs and complex systems theory to warn of impending thermoacoustic oscillations and to identify the most sensitive elements of a thermoacoustic system.

中文翻译：

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热声振荡的灵敏度和非线性

九个十年的火箭发动机和燃气轮机发展表明，热声振荡难以预测，但通常可以通过相对较小的特别设计更改来消除。然而，这些变化的设计成本可能非常高。这篇综述解释了为什么线性和非线性热声行为对工作点、燃料成分和喷射器几何形状等参数如此敏感。它展示了非周期性行为如何在实验和模拟中出现，并讨论了具有湍流反应流的热声系统中的波动（通常被过滤或平均为噪声）如何揭示有用的信息。最后，它提出了在未来利用这种敏感性的工具：