African traditional beverages are widely consumed food‐grade liquids processed from single or mixed grains (mostly cereals) by simple food processing techniques, of which fermentation tops the list. These beverages are very diverse in composition and nutritional value and are specific to different cultures and countries. The grains from which home‐processed traditional beverages are made across Africa are often heavily contaminated with multiple mycotoxins due to poor agricultural, handling, and storage practices that characterize the region. In the literature, there are many reports on the spectrum and quantities of mycotoxins in crops utilized in traditional beverage processing, however, few studies have analyzed mycotoxins in the beverages themselves. The available reports on mycotoxins in African traditional beverages are mainly centered on the finished products with little information on the process chain (raw material to final product), fate of the different mycotoxins during processing, and exposure estimates for consumers. Regulations targeting these local beverages are not in place despite the heavy occurrence of mycotoxins in their raw materials and the high consumption levels of the products in many homes. This paper therefore comprehensively discusses for the 1st time the available data on the wide variety of African traditional beverages, the mycotoxins that contaminate the beverages and their raw materials, exposure estimates, and possible consequent effects. Mycotoxin control options and future directions for mycotoxin research in beverage production are also highlighted.

中文翻译：

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非洲传统加工的饮料：霉菌毒素的发生方式和接触评估的回顾

非洲传统饮料是通过简单的食品加工技术从单一或混合谷物（主要是谷物）加工而成的食用度高的食品级液体，其中发酵居首位。这些饮料的成分和营养价值非常不同，并且特定于不同的文化和国家。由于该地区的农业，装卸和储藏方式不佳，非洲各地用自制的传统饮料制成的谷物经常被多种霉菌毒素严重污染。在文献中，有许多关于传统饮料加工中农作物中真菌毒素的谱和数量的报道，但是，很少有研究分析饮料本身中的真菌毒素。关于非洲传统饮料中霉菌毒素的现有报告主要集中在制成品上，很少涉及工艺链（原材料到最终产品），加工过程中各种霉菌毒素的命运以及对消费者的接触估计。尽管真菌毒素在其原料中大量存在且许多家庭中产品的高消费水平，但针对这些本地饮料的法规仍未制定。因此，本文首次全面讨论了各种非洲传统饮料，污染饮料及其原料的霉菌毒素，暴露量估计值以及可能产生的影响的现有数据。还着重介绍了霉菌毒素的控制选项以及饮料生产中霉菌毒素研究的未来方向。