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Domestic Cooking of Muscle Foods: Impact on Composition of Nutrients and Contaminants
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety ( IF 14.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-05 , DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12327
M Madalena C Sobral 1 , Sara C Cunha 1 , Miguel A Faria 1 , Isabel MPLVO Ferreira 1
Affiliation  

Meat and fish are muscle foods rich in valuable nutrients, such as high‐quality proteins, vitamins, and minerals, and, in the case of fish, also unsaturated fatty acids. The escalation of meat and fish production has increased the occurrence of pesticide and antibiotic residues, as result of pest control on feed crops, and antibiotics used to fight infections in animals. Meat and fish are usually cooked to enrich taste, soften texture, increase safety, and improve nutrient digestibility. However, the impact of cooking on nutritional properties and formation of deleterious compounds must be understood. This review summarizes studies, published in the last decade, that have focused on how domestic cooking affects: (i) composition of nutrients (protein, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals); (ii) antibiotic and pesticide residue contents; and (iii) the formation of cooking‐induced contaminants (heterocyclic aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and thermal degradation products of antibiotics and pesticides). Cooking affects the nutritional composition of meat and fish; frying is the cooking method that causes the greatest impact. Cooking may reduce the pesticide and antibiotic residues present in contaminated raw meat and fish; however, it may result in the formation of degradation products of unknown identity and toxicity. Control of cooking time and temperature, use of antioxidant‐rich marinades, and avoiding the dripping of fat during charcoal grilling can reduce the formation of cooking‐induced contaminants.

中文翻译:

肌肉食品的家庭烹饪:对营养成分和污染物的影响

肉和鱼是富含宝贵营养素的肌肉食品,例如高质量的蛋白质,维生素和矿物质,而对于鱼,还包括不饱和脂肪酸。肉类和鱼类生产的增长增加了农药和抗生素残留的发生,这是由于对饲料作物进行了害虫控制以及用于抵抗动物感染的抗生素的结果。通常将肉和鱼煮熟以增添味道,软化质地,增加安全性并改善营养物质的消化率。但是,必须了解蒸煮对营养特性和有害化合物形成的影响。这篇综述总结了过去十年中发表的研究,这些研究集中在家庭烹饪如何影响:(i)营养成分(蛋白质,脂肪酸,维生素和矿物质)的组成;(ii)抗生素和农药残留量;(iii)烹饪引起的污染物(杂环芳香胺,多环芳香烃以及抗生素和农药的热降解产物)的形成。烹饪会影响肉和鱼的营养成分;油炸是影响最大的烹饪方法。烹饪可以减少受污染的生肉和鱼中存在的农药和抗生素残留;但是,它可能导致形成未知特性和毒性的降解产物。控制烹饪时间和温度,使用富含抗氧化剂的腌料,并避免在木炭烧烤过程中掉落脂肪,可以减少烹饪引起的污染物的形成。以及抗生素和农药的热降解产物)。烹饪会影响肉和鱼的营养成分;油炸是影响最大的烹饪方法。烹饪可以减少受污染的生肉和鱼中存在的农药和抗生素残留;但是,它可能导致形成未知特性和毒性的降解产物。控制烹饪时间和温度,使用富含抗氧化剂的腌料,并避免在木炭烧烤过程中掉落脂肪,可以减少烹饪引起的污染物的形成。以及抗生素和农药的热降解产物)。烹饪会影响肉和鱼的营养成分;油炸是影响最大的烹饪方法。烹饪可以减少受污染的生肉和鱼中存在的农药和抗生素残留;但是,它可能导致形成未知特性和毒性的降解产物。控制烹饪时间和温度,使用富含抗氧化剂的腌料,并避免在木炭烧烤过程中掉落脂肪,可以减少烹饪引起的污染物的形成。它可能导致形成身份和毒性未知的降解产物。控制烹饪时间和温度,使用富含抗氧化剂的腌料,并避免在木炭烧烤过程中掉落脂肪,可以减少烹饪引起的污染物的形成。它可能导致形成未知特性和毒性的降解产物。控制烹饪时间和温度,使用富含抗氧化剂的腌料,并避免在木炭烧烤过程中掉落脂肪,可以减少烹饪引起的污染物的形成。
更新日期:2018-01-05
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