Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most developed countries of the world. Pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, and toxins can significantly contribute to the overall cardiovascular burden and thus deserve attention. The present article is a systematic overview of drugs that may induce distinct cardiovascular toxicity. The compounds are classified into agents that have significant effects on the heart, blood vessels, or both. The mechanism(s) of toxic action are discussed and treatment modalities are briefly mentioned in relevant cases. Due to the large number of clinically relevant compounds discussed, this article could be of interest to a broad audience including pharmacologists and toxicologists, pharmacists, physicians, and medicinal chemists. Particular emphasis is given to clinically relevant topics including the cardiovascular toxicity of illicit sympathomimetic drugs (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines, cathinones), drugs that prolong the QT interval, antidysrhythmic drugs, digoxin and other cardioactive steroids, beta‐blockers, calcium channel blockers, female hormones, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer compounds encompassing anthracyclines and novel targeted therapy interfering with the HER2 or the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway.

中文翻译：

---

药物及相关药物的心血管毒性综合评价

心血管疾病是世界上大多数发达国家发病和死亡的主要原因。药品、违禁药物和毒素会显着增加整体心血管负担，因此值得关注。本文系统概述了可能引起不同心血管毒性的药物。这些化合物被分为对心脏、血管或两者都有显着影响的药物。讨论了毒性作用的机制，并在相关病例中简要提及了治疗方式。由于讨论了大量临床相关化合物，本文可能会引起广大读者的兴趣，包括药理学家和毒理学家、药剂师、医生和药物化学家。特别强调临床相关主题，包括非法拟交感神经药物（例如可卡因、安非他明、卡西酮）、延长 QT 间期的药物、抗心律失常药物、地高辛和其他心脏活性类固醇、β 受体阻滞剂、钙通道阻滞剂的心血管毒性，雌性激素、非甾体类抗炎药和抗癌化合物（包括蒽环类药物）和干扰 HER2 或血管内皮生长因子途径的新型靶向治疗。