Intestinal microbiota influence cancer patient responses to immunotherapy Accumulating evidence indicates that dysregulation of microbiota-host interactions associates with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), colorectal cancer, diabetes, and liver cirrhosis (1). Recently, research has generated paradigm shifts in concepts about the interactions between bacteria and cancer therapeutic drugs. For example, bacteria modulate the antitumor efficacy in preclinical models of various chemotherapies (2–4) and immunotherapeutic agents (5, 6). Conceptually, these findings suggest that bacteria-mediated interactions with the immune system are essential for optimal drug efficacy. However, there is limited information regarding the functional impact of the composition of the human microbiome and therapeutic outcomes in cancer patients. On pages 91, 97, and 104 of this issue, Routy et al. (7), Gopalakrishnan et al. (8), and Matson et al. (9), respectively, address this important issue and demonstrate that patients can be stratified into responders and nonresponders to immunotherapy on the basis of the composition of their intestinal microbiomes, suggesting that microbiota should be considered when assessing therapeutic intervention.

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使用微生物群的精准医学

肠道微生物群影响癌症患者对免疫疗法的反应 越来越多的证据表明微生物群-宿主相互作用的失调与各种疾病有关，包括炎症性肠病 (IBD)、结直肠癌、糖尿病和肝硬化 (1)。最近，研究已经在关于细菌和癌症治疗药物之间相互作用的概念上产生了范式转变。例如，细菌在各种化学疗法 (2-4) 和免疫治疗剂 (5, 6) 的临床前模型中调节抗肿瘤功效。从概念上讲，这些发现表明细菌介导的与免疫系统的相互作用对于最佳药物疗效至关重要。然而，关于人类微生物组组成的功能影响和癌症患者的治疗结果的信息有限。在本期第 91、97 和 104 页上，Routy 等人。(7)，Gopalakrishnan 等人。(8) 和 Matson 等人。(9) 分别解决了这一重要问题，并证明可以根据患者肠道微生物组的组成将患者分为对免疫治疗有反应的人和无反应者，这表明在评估治疗干预时应考虑微生物群。