Xenobiotics such as bisphenol A (BPA), are present in biosolids, which are applied as organic fertilizers in agricultural fields. Their effects on soil life have been poorly assessed, and this is particularly important in the case of earthworms, which represent the main animal biomass in this medium. In the present work we study the impacts of BPA on gene expression of Eisenia fetida, a widely used ecotoxicological model. Chronic soil tests and acute contact tests were performed, and gene expression was analyzed in total tissue and in masculine reproductive organs of the earthworms. The genes studied in this research played a role in endocrine pathways, detoxification mechanisms, stress response, epigenetics, and genotoxicity. Most of the genes were identified for the first time, providing potentially useful biomarkers for future assessments. For chronic exposures, no changes were detected in whole-body tissue; however, masculine reproductive organs showed changes in the expression of genes related to endocrine function (EcR, MAPR, AdipoR), epigenetic mechanisms (DNMTs), genotoxicity (PARP1), and stress responses (HSC70 4). For acute exposures, the expression of one epigenetic-related gene was altered for both whole-body tissues and male reproductive organs (Piwi2). Further changes were detected for whole-body tissues involved in detoxification (Metallothionein), stress (HSC70 4), and genotoxicity (PARP1) mechanisms. Acute exposure effects were also tested in whole-body tissues of juveniles, showing changes in the expression of Metallothionein and Piwi2. The molecular changes found in the analyzed earthworms indicate that exposure to BPA may have negative implications in their populations. Particularly interesting are the alterations related to epigenetic mechanisms, which suggest that future generations may be impacted. This study is the first to evaluate the molecular effects of BPA on soil organisms, and further assays will be necessary to better characterize the true environmental repercussions.

Capsule

Levels of gene expression in total-body tissues and masculine reproductive organs were analyzed in earthworms after exposure to bisphenol A and we observed associated changes in detoxification, endocrine, epigenetic, genotoxic and stress pathways.

中文翻译：

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土壤中的内分泌干扰物：双酚A对f Eisenia fetida基因表达的影响

生物固体中存在双酚A（BPA）等异生物素，在农业领域中用作有机肥料。人们对它们对土壤生命的影响的评估很差，对于in来说尤为重要，earth是这种培养基中主要的动物生物量。在目前的工作中，我们研究了双酚A对异色埃森尼亚（Eisenia fetida）基因表达的影响，一种广泛使用的生态毒理学模型。进行了慢性土壤试验和急性接触试验，并分析了total的整个组织和男性生殖器官中的基因表达。在这项研究中研究的基因在内分泌途径，排毒机制，应激反应，表观遗传学和遗传毒性中发挥了作用。大多数基因是首次鉴定，为将来的评估提供了潜在有用的生物标记。对于慢性暴露，在全身组织中未检测到任何变化。然而，男性化生殖器官中显示出有关内分泌功能（基因的表达变化的EcR，MAPR，AdipoR），后生机制（转移酶），遗传毒性（PARP1），和应激反应（HSC70 4）。对于急性暴露，全身组织和雄性生殖器官（Piwi2）均改变了一个表观遗传相关基因的表达。在涉及排毒（金属硫蛋白），应激（HSC70 4）和基因毒性（PARP1）机制的全身组织中发现了进一步的变化。还对少年的全身组织进行了急性暴露影响测试，显示出金属硫蛋白和Piwi2的表达发生了变化。在分析的earth中发现的分子变化表明，接触BPA可能对其种群产生负面影响。与表观遗传机制有关的变化尤其令人感兴趣，这表明子孙后代可能会受到影响。这项研究是第一个评估BPA对土壤生物的分子作用的研究，进一步的分析对于更好地表征真实的环境影响将是必要的。

胶囊

暴露于双酚A后，在analyzed中分析了全身组织和男性生殖器官中的基因表达水平，我们观察到了解毒，内分泌，表观遗传，遗传毒性和应激途径的相关变化。