The dihydroxybenzenes are widely found in wastewater and usually more than one of these aromatic compounds co-exist as pollutants of water resources. The current study investigated and compared the removal efficiency of hydroquinone, catechol and resorcinol in binary substrate systems under saline conditions by Penicillium chrysogenum var. halophenolicum, to clarify the potential of this fungal strain to degrade these aromatic compounds. Since P. chrysogenum is a known penicillin producer, biosynthetic penicillin genes were examined and antibiotic was quantified in mono and binary dihydroxybenzene systems to elucidate the carbon flux of dihydroxybenzenes metabolism in the P. chrysogenum var. halophenolicum to the secondary metabolism. In binary substrate systems, the three assayed dihydroxybenzene compounds were found to be co-metabolized by fungal strain. The fungal strain preferentially degraded hydroquinone and catechol. Resorcinol was degraded slower and supports higher antibiotic titers than either catechol or hydroquinone. Dihydroxybenzenes were faster removed in mixtures compared to mono substrate systems, except for the case of hydroquinone. In this context, the expression of penicillin biosynthetic gene cluster was not related to the removal of dihydroxybenzenes. Penicillin production was triggered simultaneously or after dihydroxybenzene degradation, but penicillin yields, under these conditions, did not compromise dihydroxybenzene biological treatment. To investigate the decrease in dihydroxybenzenes toxicity due to the fungal activity, viability tests with human colon cancer cells (HCT116) and DNA damage by alkaline comet assays were performed. For all the conditions assays, a decrease in saline medium toxicity was observed, indicating its potential as detoxification agent.

二羟基苯广泛存在于废水中，通常这些芳香族化合物中的一种以上共存于水资源中。目前的研究调查并比较了黄化青霉在盐水条件下在二元底物系统中对苯二酚，邻苯二酚和间苯二酚的去除效率。卤代酚，以阐明这种真菌菌株降解这些芳族化合物的潜力。由于产黄青霉是已知的青霉素生产者，因此要检查生物合成的青霉素基因，并在单和二元二羟基苯系统中对抗生素进行定量，以阐明产黄青霉中二羟基苯代谢的碳通量。卤酚到次级代谢。在二元底物系统中，发现三种测定的二羟基苯化合物被真菌菌株共代谢。真菌菌株优先降解对苯二酚和邻苯二酚。与邻苯二酚或对苯二酚相比，间苯二酚的降解速度较慢，并支持更高的抗生素效价。与单底物系统相比，混合物中二羟基苯的去除速度更快，除了对苯二酚的情况。在这种情况下，青霉素生物合成基因簇的表达与二羟基苯的去除无关。青霉素的生产是同时或在二羟基苯降解后触发的，但是在这些条件下，青霉素的产量不会影响二羟基苯的生物处理。为了研究由于真菌活性而引起的二羟基苯毒性降低，进行了人类结肠癌细胞（HCT116）的活力测试和碱性彗星试验的DNA损伤。对于所有条件测定，均观察到盐水培养基毒性的降低，表明其作为解毒剂的潜力。