Phospholipases are ubiquitous enzymes that hydrolyze phospholipids. Based on the cleavage site of the ester linkage in the substrate phospholipids, phospholipases are classified into four major types, phospholipase A (PLA), phospholipase B (PLB), phospholipase C (PLC), and phospholipase D (PLD), which are further classified into various subtypes. Phospholipases hydrolyze phospholipids into various signaling products including phosphatidic acid (PA), diacylglycerol (DAG), free fatty acids (FFAs), and lyso-phospholipids (LPLs). These signaling products regulate numerous processes such as cytoskeletal dynamics, growth, homeostasis, membrane remodeling, nutrient acquisition, secretion, signal transduction, stress tolerance, sexual development, and virulence in various organisms including fungi. Due to these key cellular roles, phospholipases are also promising targets in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about the cellular roles of different classes of phospholipases in fungi.

磷脂酶是水解磷脂的普遍存在的酶。根据底物磷脂中酯键的切割位点，将磷脂酶分为四种主要类型，磷脂酶A（PLA），磷脂酶B（PLB），磷脂酶C（PLC）和磷脂酶D（PLD），这是进一步的类型分为各种子类型。磷脂酶将磷脂水解成各种信号产物，包括磷脂酸（PA），二酰基甘油（DAG），游离脂肪酸（FFA）和溶血磷脂（LPL）。这些信号产物调节多种过程，例如细胞骨架动力学，生长，体内稳态，膜重塑，营养获取，分泌，信号转导，胁迫耐受性，性发育以及包括真菌在内的各种生物的毒力。由于这些关键的细胞角色，磷脂酶也是诊断和治疗应用中有希望的靶标。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了有关真菌中不同类别的磷脂酶的细胞作用的当前知识。