Abstract A lutein-rich extract from African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) flowers (packaged-irradiated) obtained by the green technology of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction at 450 bar (4.5 × 107 Pa), 80 °C after 105 min of extraction time had lutein content of 215.53 ± 3.75 mg/100 g dry basis (d.b.) and DPPH radical scavenging activity of 0.83 ± 0.03 mg/mL (IC50 value). This antioxidant-rich extract was microencapsulated by spray drying to improve shelf-stability of lutein. The encapsulation parameters were optimized using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design to obtain highest microencapsulation efficiency (ME%) under the experimental conditions. The optimized conditions of spray drying obtained were: spray concentration (%w/w) of 30, wall material composition of maltodextrin:gum Arabic :: 60:40, core (lutein):wall material :: 1:30, sample feed flow rate of 0.90 mL/min (1.5 × 10− 8 m3/s), inlet air temperature of 170 °C, spray gas flow rate of 742 L/h (2.06 × 10− 4 m3/s) and atomization pressure of − 60 mbar (− 6000 Pa). At these conditions ME(%) was found to be the highest (78.32%) w.r.t. lutein content (1.28 ± 0.05 mg/g powder). The encapsulate possessing highest ME% exhibited concomitant highest antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 2.33 ± 0.39 mg/mL and FRAP value of 6.16 ± 1.30 mM FeSO4 equivalent/g d.b.) vis-a-vis those obtained at other encapsulation conditions. Besides, half-life of the best encapsulate (Ebest) was 6.90 times higher than the native extract under ambient storage conditions (23 ± 2 °C, 80% R.H., in the dark). Along with Ebest, lutein-rich native extract and pure lutein were characterized by thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction analyses, field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses. Ebest was then employed in designing a novel lutein-rich ready-to-serve beverage and its sensory, physicochemical and phytochemical properties were evaluated.

中文翻译：

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γ-辐照万寿菊花富含叶黄素的超临界二氧化碳提取物的喷雾干燥粉末：工艺优化、表征和食品应用

摘要 采用绿色超临界二氧化碳萃取技术，在 450 bar (4.5 × 107 Pa)、80 °C 下萃取 105 分钟后，从非洲万寿菊（Tagetes standa L.）花（包装-辐照）中提取的富含叶黄素的提取物叶黄素含量为 215.53 ± 3.75 mg/100 g 干基 (db)，DPPH 自由基清除活性为 0.83 ± 0.03 mg/mL（IC50 值）。这种富含抗氧化剂的提取物通过喷雾干燥进行微胶囊化，以提高叶黄素的储存稳定性。使用田口 L9 正交阵列设计优化封装参数，以获得实验条件下最高的微封装效率 (ME%)。得到的喷雾干燥优化条件为：喷雾浓度（%w/w）30，壁材组成麦芽糖糊精：阿拉伯树胶：60：40，核（叶黄素）：壁材：1：30，进样流速为 0.90 mL/min (1.5 × 10− 8 m3/s)，进气温度为 170 °C，喷雾气流速为 742 L/h (2.06 × 10− 4 m3/s) 和雾化压力− 60 毫巴 (− 6000 帕)。在这些条件下，发现 ME(%) 是最高 (78.32%) 的叶黄素含量（1.28 ± 0.05 mg/g 粉末）。与在其他封装条件下获得的那些相比，具有最高 ME% 的封装表现出伴随的最高抗氧化活性（IC50 值为 2.33 ± 0.39 mg/mL，FRAP 值为 6.16 ± 1.30 mM FeSO4 当量/g db）。此外，在环境储存条件下（23 ± 2 °C，80% RH，在黑暗中），最佳封装 (Ebest) 的半衰期比天然提取物高 6.90 倍。与 Ebest 一起，富含叶黄素的天然提取物和纯叶黄素通过热重/差热分析进行表征，X 射线衍射分析、场发射扫描电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线光谱分析。随后，Ebest 被用于设计一种新型富含叶黄素的即食饮料，并对其感官、物理化学和植物化学特性进行了评估。