As a newly developed, highly efficient strobilurin fungicide, pyraoxystrobin has been reported to be highly toxic to some aquatic organisms. However, the toxicity of pyraoxystrobin to different life stages of fish and the potential underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Hence, in the present study, the acute toxicity of pyraoxystrobin to different life stages of zebrafish (embryo, larva, and adult) was assessed. The developmental toxicity of pyraoxystrobin to zebrafish embryos and its effects on gene transcription in the embryo were also investigated. The results showed that the 96-h LC₅₀ values of pyraoxystrobin to embryos [2 h post-fertilization (hpf)], 12 h post-hatching (hph) larvae (84 hpf), 72 hph larvae (144 hpf), and adult zebrafish were 4.099, 1.069, 3.236, and 5.970 µg/L, respectively. This suggests that pyraoxystrobin has very high toxicity to different life stages of zebrafish, while the newly hatched larvae constitute the most sensitive period of zebrafish to pyraoxystrobin. Decreased heart rate, hatching inhibition, growth regression, and morphological deformities were observed in zebrafish embryos after acute exposure to different concentrations of pyraoxystrobin. The rate of malformation increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in embryos, and the most pronounced abnormality was pericardial edema and yolk sac edema. Pyraoxystrobin (2 and 4 μg/L) significantly altered the mRNA levels of genes related to mitochondrial respiratory chain and ATP synthesis (NDI, uqcrc, and ATPo6), oxidative stress (Mn-Sod, Cat, and Gpx), apoptosis (p53, Bcl2, Bax, and Cas3), and immune system (TNFα, IFN, and IL-1b) in zebrafish embryos. This result indicates that the alteration of these genes is a potential mechanism underlying the toxic effects of pyraoxystrobin on zebrafish.

作为一种新开发的，高效的嗜球果伞菌素杀真菌剂，吡咯菌酯对某些水生生物具有高毒性。然而，吡菌酯对鱼类不同生命阶段的毒性和潜在的潜在机制仍是未知的。因此，在本研究中，评估了吡菌酯对斑马鱼不同生命阶段（胚胎，幼虫和成虫）的急性毒性。还研究了吡菌酯对斑马鱼胚胎的发育毒性及其对胚胎基因转录的影响。结果显示96小时LC ₅₀吡菌酯对胚胎的值[受精后2 h（hpf）]，孵化后12 h [hph]幼虫（84 hpf），72 hph幼虫（144 hpf）和成年斑马鱼的值分别为4.099、1.069、3.236和5.970分别为µg / L。这表明吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼的不同生命阶段具有很高的毒性，而新孵化的幼虫构成了斑马鱼对吡唑醚菌酯最敏感的时期。急性暴露于不同浓度的吡菌酯后，斑马鱼胚胎的心率降低，孵化抑制，生长退化和形态畸形被观察到。胚胎的畸形率以时间和浓度依赖性的方式增加，最明显的异常是心包水肿和卵黄囊水肿。NDI，uqcrc和ATPo6），氧化应激（Mn-Sod，Cat和Gpx），凋亡（p53，Bcl2，Bax和Cas3）以及免疫系统（TNFα，IFN和IL-1b）。该结果表明，这些基因的改变是潜在的机制，潜在的吡咯菌酯对斑马鱼的毒性作用。