Numerous species of nematodes have evolved to inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans, with over a billion of the world's population infected with at least one species. These large multicellular pathogens present a considerable and complex challenge to the host immune system given that individuals are continually exposed to infective stages, as well as the high prevalence in endemic areas. This review summarizes our current understanding of host-parasite interactions, detailing induction of protective immunity, mechanisms of resistance, and resolution of the response. It is clear from studies of well-defined laboratory model systems that these responses are dominated by innate and adaptive type 2 cytokine responses, regulating cellular and soluble effectors that serve to disrupt the niche in which the parasites live by strengthening the physical mucosal barrier and ultimately promoting tissue repair.

中文翻译：

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免疫胃肠道线虫感染。

许多种类的线虫已经进化到栖息在动物和人类的胃肠道中，世界上超过十亿的人口感染了至少一种线虫。这些大型多细胞病原体对宿主免疫系统提出了相当大和复杂的挑战，因为个体不断暴露于感染阶段，并且在流行地区流行。这篇综述总结了我们目前对宿主-寄生虫相互作用的理解，详细介绍了保护性免疫的诱导、耐药机制和反应的解决。从定义明确的实验室模型系统的研究中可以清楚地看出，这些反应由先天性和适应性 2 型细胞因子反应主导，