The concept of low lattice misfit and high-density of nanoscale precipitates obtained through solution treatment was adopted to obtain ultrahigh strength maraging steel without compromising elongation. An “ultrahigh strength-high toughness” combination was successfully obtained in 19Ni3Mo1.5Ti maraging steel with ultimate strength of ~1858 MPa and static toughness of ~110 MJ m⁻³. Maraging steel had extremely high density (2.3 × 10²⁴ m⁻³) of nanoscale precipitates with minimum lattice misfit of less than 1% at the solutionization temperature of 820 °C. Two kinds of nanoscale precipitates, namely, η-Ni₃(Ti,Mo) and B2-Ni(Mo,Fe) contributed to ultrahigh strength. The size of nanoscale precipitates governed the movement of dislocations, cutting versus by-passing. Theoretical estimate of ordering and modulus contribution to strengthening suggested that ordering had a dominant influence on strength. The toughness was closely related to the characteristic evolution of nanoscale precipitates such that the high density of nanoscale precipitates contributed to increase of elastic deformation and low lattice misfit contributed to increase of uniform deformation. The nanoscale size and low lattice misfit of precipitates were the underlying reasons for the high-performance of maraging steel. Moreover, the combination of high-density of nanoscale precipitates and low lattice misfit is envisaged to facilitate the futuristic design and development of next generation of structural alloys.

通过固溶处理获得的低晶格失配和高密度纳米级析出物的概念被用于获得超高强度马氏体时效钢而又不影响延伸率。在19Ni3Mo1.5Ti马氏体时效钢中成功获得了“超高强度-高韧性”组合，极限强度为〜1858 MPa，静态韧性为〜110 MJ m ^-3。马氏体时效钢在820°C的固溶温度下具有极高的密度（2.3×10 ²⁴  m ^-3）的纳米级析出物，其最小晶格失配小于1％。两种纳米级沉淀物，即，η镍₃（Ti，Mo）和B2-Ni（Mo，Fe）有助于超高强度。纳米级沉淀物的大小决定了位错的运动，即切割还是绕过。对有序化和模量对强化的贡献的理论估计表明，有序化对强度有主要影响。韧性与纳米级析出物的特征演变密切相关，因此高密度的纳米级析出物有助于增加弹性变形，而较低的晶格失配则有助于增加均匀变形。析出物的纳米级尺寸和低晶格失配是马氏体时效钢高性能的根本原因。而且，