Indeterminate thyroid cytology (Bethesda III and IV) corresponds to follicular-patterned benign and malignant lesions, which are particularly difficult to differentiate on cytology alone. As ~25% of these nodules harbor malignancy, diagnostic hemithyroidectomy is still custom. However, advanced preoperative diagnostics are rapidly evolving.

中文翻译：

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分子和影像学生物标志物在细胞学不确定的甲状腺结节中的诊断效用

不确定的甲状腺细胞学检查（贝塞斯达III和IV）对应于滤泡状的良性和恶性病变，仅通过细胞学检查就很难区分。由于这些结节中约有25％具有恶性肿瘤，诊断性甲状腺甲状腺切除术仍然很普遍。但是，先进的术前诊断技术正在迅速发展。