Squaric acid (SA) has been investigated as a readily available organic anode material in rechargeable lithium batteries. To overcome both conductivity and dissolution problems related to organic compounds, SA was conformally coated with conductive polyaniline through a facile in situ chemical polymerization route. Polyaniline‐coated SA exhibits a stable high capacity of 394 mA h g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at 100 mA g⁻¹ in lithium batteries. At 1 A g⁻¹ current density, polyaniline‐coated SA (PANI‐SA) shows long cycle life over 1000 cycles with 96.9 % retention of initial reversible capacity. The reversible Li⁺ storage property of SA is revealed through ex situ NMR characterization.

中文翻译：

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导电聚苯胺对方酸的原位表面涂层，用于高容量和可持续的锂电池阳极

方酸（SA）已被研究为可再充电锂电池中一种容易获得的有机阳极材料。为了克服与有机化合物有关的电导率和溶解性问题，通过一种简便的原位化学聚合路线，用导电聚苯胺共形涂覆SA。在100 mA g ^-1的锂电池中经过100次循环后，聚苯胺涂层的SA表现出稳定的394 mA h g ^-1的高容量。在1 A g ^-1的电流密度下，聚苯胺涂层的SA（PANI-SA）在1000次循环中显示出较长的循环寿命，并保留了96.9％的初始可逆容量。SA的可逆Li ⁺储存特性通过非原位NMR表征揭示。