Piezoelectric ceramics are widely used in sensors, actuators, and ultrasonic transducers due to their ability to achieve efficient conversion between electric and mechanical energy. There is a current drive toward lead‐free material systems capable of achieving comparable piezoelectric performance to environmentally hazardous, but commonly used, lead‐based materials such as lead zirconate titanate. This work constructs an accurate phase diagram for barium calcium titanate (Ba_1‐xCa_xTiO₃ or BCTO). The substitution of Ca²⁺ on the Ba‐site of BCTO is of much interest due to electric property improvements compared to BaTiO₃. In this work, Ba_1‐xCa_xTiO₃ (x = 0‐0.30) samples have been made by solid‐state methods and, following initial characterization by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), evaluation of changes in the Raman spectra has allowed accurate determination of the phase transition temperatures and the construction of a phase diagram.

中文翻译：

---

Ba1-xCaxTiO3（x = 0-0.30）压电陶瓷的拉曼光谱图

压电陶瓷由于能够实现电能和机械能之间的有效转换，因此被广泛用于传感器，执行器和超声换能器中。当前正在朝着无铅材料系统的方向发展，该系统能够达到与对环境有害但常用的铅基材料（如锆钛酸铅）相当的压电性能。这项工作为钛酸钡钙（Ba _1-x Ca _x TiO ₃或BCTO）构建了精确的相图。与BaTiO ₃相比，由于电性能的提高，在BCTO的Ba位上取代Ca ²⁺引起了人们的极大兴趣。在这项工作中，Ba _1-x Ca _x TiO通过固态方法制备了_3个（x  =  0-0.30）样品，并通过X射线衍射（XRD）进行了初步表征后，通过评估拉曼光谱的变化，可以准确确定相变温度和结构相图。