Leptomeningeal metastasis is a complication of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Diagnosis and monitoring of leptomeningeal metastasis are challenging, and are based on neurological, radiographic, and cerebrospinal fluid findings. Substantial progress has been made in several key aspects of management of leptomeningeal metastasis, including improved characterisation of the genetic profiles, generation of clinically relevant animal models, advances in cerebrospinal fluid liquid biopsy with improved cytology and genotyping analysis, and the development of therapeutic agents with greater CNS penetration. This Review discusses cumulative data on multiple treatment modalities with a particular focus on recent advances in molecularly targeted therapies in subtypes of patients with leptomeningeal metastasis from NSCLC. Future research is needed to further understand the biology of leptomeningeal metastasis and the mechanisms of resistance to treatment.

中文翻译：

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非小细胞肺癌的软脑膜转移。

薄脑膜转移是晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的并发症。轻脑膜转移的诊断和监测具有挑战性，并且基于神经，影像学和脑脊髓液的发现。在处理软脑膜转移的几个关键方面取得了实质性进展，包括改善了遗传特征的表征，临床相关动物模型的产生，脑脊髓液活检技术的改进以及细胞学和基因分型分析的进步，以及开发了治疗脑脊液转移的药物。更大的CNS渗透率。这篇综述讨论了多种治疗方式的累积数据，特别关注分子靶向治疗在NSCLC的软脑膜转移患者亚型中的最新进展。