To develop high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs), electrodes should possess well‐defined pathways for efficient electronic/ionic transport. In this work, high‐performance NIBs are demonstrated by designing a 3D interconnected porous structure that consists of N, S co‐doped 3D porous graphene frameworks (3DPGFs‐NS). The most typical electrode materials (i.e., Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ (NVP), MoS₂, and TiO₂) are anchored onto the 3DPGFs‐NS matrix (denoted as NVP@C@3DPGFs‐NS; MoS₂@C@3DPGFs‐NS and TiO₂@C@3DPGFs‐NS) to demonstrate its general process to boost the energy density of NIBs. The N, S co‐doped porous graphene structure with a large surface area offers fast ionic transport within the electrode and facilitates efficient electron transport, and thus endows the 3DPGFs‐NS‐based composite electrodes with excellent sodium storage performance. The resulting NVP@C@3DPGFs‐NS displays excellent electrochemical performance as both cathode and anode for NIBs. The MoS₂@C@3DPGFs‐NS and TiO₂@C@3DPGFs‐NS deliver capacities of 317 mAhg⁻¹ at 5 Ag⁻¹ after 1000 cycles and 185 mAhg⁻¹ at 1 Ag⁻¹ after 2000 cycles, respectively. The excellent long cycle life is attributed to the 3D porous structure that could greatly release mechanical stress from repeated Na⁺ extraction/insertion. The novel structure 3D PGFs‐NS provides a general approach to modify electrodes of NIBs and holds great potential applications in other energy storage fields.

中文翻译：

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设计用于高性能钠存储的氮（N）和硫（S）共掺杂的3D石墨烯网络架构

要开发高性能钠离子电池（NIB），电极应具有明确定义的途径，以实现有效的电子/离子传输。在这项工作中，通过设计由N，S共掺杂的3D多孔石墨烯框架（3DPGFs-NS）组成的3D互连多孔结构，演示了高性能NIB。最典型的电极材料（即Na ₃ V ₂（PO ₄）₃（NVP），MoS ₂和TiO ₂）固定在3DPGFs-NS基质上（表示为NVP @ C @ 3DPGFs-NS； MoS ₂ @ C @ 3DPGFs‐NS和TiO ₂@ C @ 3DPGFs-NS）演示其提高NIB能量密度的一般过程。N，S共掺杂的多孔石墨烯结构具有大的表面积，可在电极内提供快速的离子传输，并促进有效的电子传输，因此使基于3DPGFs-NS的复合电极具有出色的钠存储性能。所得的NVP @ C @ 3DPGFs-NS作为NIB的正极和负极均具有出色的电化学性能。所述MOS ₂ @ C_ @ 3DPGFs-NS和TiO ₂ @ C_ @ 3DPGFs-NS递送317 mAhg的能力^-1在5银^-1 1000次循环后和185 mAhg ^-1 1的Ag ^-1在2000个周期之后。出色的长循环寿命归因于3D多孔结构，该结构可以从重复的Na ⁺萃取/插入过程中大大释放机械应力。新颖的3D PGFs-NS结构为修饰NIB的电极提供了一种通用方法，并在其他储能领域具有广阔的应用前景。