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Questioning the Dietary Acculturation Paradox: A Mixed-Methods Study of the Relationship between Food and Ethnic Identity in a Group of Mexican-American Women
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.10.008
A. Susana Ramírez , Tanya Golash-Boza , Jennifer B. Unger , Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have described an "acculturation paradox." Increased acculturation to the United States is associated with increased consumption of dietary fat and decreased consumption of fruits/vegetables. OBJECTIVE To expand understanding of the dietary acculturation paradox, this study examined how bicultural Mexican-American women construct ethnic identity and how these identities and identity-making processes relate to perceptions of health and nutrition. DESIGN We utilized embedded mixed methods (in-depth interviews; survey). PARTICIPANTS/SETTING We analyzed a purposive sample of English-speaking Mexican-American women aged 18 to 29 years (n=24) in rural California to assess ethnic identity and diet beliefs. RESULTS Participants described food as central to expressing cultural identity, usually in terms of family interactions. Mexican food traditions were characterized as unhealthy; many preferred American foods, which were seen as healthier. Specifically, Mexican-American women perceived Mexican patterns of food preparation and consumption as unhealthy. In addition, traditional Mexican foods described as unhealthy were once considered special-occasion foods. Among the participants who expressed a desire to eat healthfully, to do so meant to reject Mexican ways of eating. CONCLUSIONS This study raises questions about the nature of the "dietary acculturation paradox." While food-the eating of Mexican foods-is central to the maintenance of ethnic identity throughout acculturation, negative perceptions about the healthfulness of Mexican foods introduce tension into Mexican-American women's self-identification. This study suggests a subtle contradiction that may help to explain the dietary acculturation paradox: While previous research has suggested that as Mexicans acculturate to the United States they adopt unhealthy diets, this study finds evidence that they do so at least in part due to perceptions that American diets are healthier than Mexican diets. Implications for interventions to improve Latinos' diets include an emphasis on the family and use of Spanish linguistic cues. Finally, messages that simply advocate for "traditional" diets should be reconsidered because that message is discordant with perceptions of the healthfulness of such foods.

中文翻译:

质疑饮食文化适应悖论:对一组墨西哥裔美国妇女食物与民族认同之间关系的混合方法研究

背景流行病学研究描述了“文化适应悖论”。对美国文化的增加与膳食脂肪消耗的增加和水果/蔬菜消耗的减少有关。目的 为了扩大对饮食文化适应悖论的理解,本研究调查了双文化的墨西哥裔美国女性如何构建种族身份,以及这些身份和身份形成过程如何与健康和营养观念相关。设计 我们使用了嵌入式混合方法(深度访谈;调查)。参与者/环境 我们分析了加利福尼亚农村 18 至 29 岁 (n=24) 讲英语的墨西哥裔美国女性的有目的的样本,以评估种族认同和饮食信仰。结果 参与者将食物描述为表达文化身份的核心,通常在家庭互动方面。墨西哥的饮食传统被认为是不健康的;许多人更喜欢美国食品,这些食品被认为更健康。具体而言,墨西哥裔美国女性认为墨西哥的食物准备和消费模式不健康。此外,被描述为不健康的传统墨西哥食物曾经被认为是特殊场合的食物。在表达想要健康饮食的参与者中,这样做意味着拒绝墨西哥的饮食方式。结论 本研究对“饮食文化适应悖论”的性质提出了质疑。虽然食物——吃墨西哥食物——是在整个文化适应过程中维持种族认同的核心,但对墨西哥食物健康的负面看法给墨西哥裔美国女性的自我认同带来了压力。这项研究提出了一个微妙的矛盾,可能有助于解释饮食文化适应悖论:虽然以前的研究表明,随着墨西哥人适应美国,他们采用不健康的饮食,但这项研究发现证据表明,他们这样做至少部分是因为他们认为美国饮食比墨西哥饮食更健康。改善拉丁裔饮食的干预措施的意义包括强调家庭和西班牙语语言线索的使用。最后,应该重新考虑仅仅提倡“传统”饮食的信息,因为该信息与对此类食物健康的看法不一致。虽然之前的研究表明,随着墨西哥人适应美国,他们采用不健康的饮食,但这项研究发现证据表明,他们这样做至少部分是由于美国饮食比墨西哥饮食更健康的看法。改善拉丁裔饮食的干预措施的意义包括强调家庭和西班牙语语言线索的使用。最后,应该重新考虑仅仅提倡“传统”饮食的信息,因为该信息与对此类食物健康的看法不一致。虽然之前的研究表明,随着墨西哥人适应美国,他们采用不健康的饮食,但这项研究发现证据表明,他们这样做至少部分是因为人们认为美国饮食比墨西哥饮食更健康。改善拉丁裔饮食的干预措施的意义包括强调家庭和西班牙语语言线索的使用。最后,应该重新考虑仅仅提倡“传统”饮食的信息,因为该信息与对此类食物健康的看法不一致。
更新日期:2018-03-01
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