Abstract The application of polymer membranes in wastewater treatment and desalination is widespread. Nevertheless, the longstanding biofouling issue on membrane surface has garnered enormous attention within the scientific and industrial fields. Motivated by the recent development of nanocomposite membranes, the integration of biocidal nanomaterials with polymeric membranes has emerging as a promising strategy to mitigate biofouling. This review is aiming to encompass current nanomaterials and fabrication techniques, with highlights on the recent significant breakthroughs, in the field of antimicrobial nanocomposite membranes and imparts a comprehensive understanding of the strategic evolution in the design and construction approaches of antibacterial membranes. This review includes an exhaustive introduction of the antibacterial materials for membrane functionalization, including metal and carbon-based nanoparticles, organic antibacterial agents and bio-enzymes, together with their antibacterial mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlight the limitations in the current lab-based membrane antibacterial assay techniques, and discuss the challenges and prospective to link the antibacterial properties with the anti-biofouling behavior in practical applications.

中文翻译：

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纳米材料用于水处理的聚合物抗菌膜

摘要 聚合物膜在废水处理和海水淡化中的应用广泛。尽管如此，膜表面长期存在的生物污染问题已引起科学和工业领域的极大关注。受纳米复合膜最近发展的推动，生物杀灭纳米材料与聚合物膜的整合已成为减轻生物污染的有前途的策略。本综述旨在涵盖当前的纳米材料和制造技术，重点介绍抗菌纳米复合膜领域最近的重大突破，并全面了解抗菌膜设计和构建方法的战略演变。这篇综述详尽地介绍了用于膜功能化的抗菌材料，包括金属和碳基纳米粒子、有机抗菌剂和生物酶，以及它们的抗菌机制。此外，我们强调了当前基于实验室的膜抗菌测定技术的局限性，并讨论了将抗菌特性与实际应用中的抗生物污垢行为联系起来的挑战和前景。