Abstract Results of the study revealed that when dust impinged on the surface of the PV modules, monthly maximum power output of a 1.5 kWp system in Perth, Australia and a 50 Wp system in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT), Indonesia decreased, on average, by about 4.5% and 8%, respectively. Economic modelling showed that, the cost of production per kWh lost due to dust exhibited by these systems were A$ 0.26/kWh and A$ 0.15/kWh, respectively. Comparison of the cost of energy losses and maintenance revealed that, the Perth system would require manual cleaning in October while the system in NTT would require cleaning in August and October. Although the saving in production losses is not economically significant, this cleaning schedule was recommended, particularly for small systems in NTT since the extra output can have a significant effect on the quality of life in remote villages. The key finding was that higher dust de-rating factors and more cleaning activity may be more appropriate for PV systems deployed in tropical climate areas than that in temperate climate regions. It is recommended that PV system Standards that use the 5% performance de-rating factor due to soiling are reviewed and consideration given to climate-dependent de-rating factors.

中文翻译：

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部署在不同气候区域的住宅光伏 (PV) 系统因灰尘造成的能源和经济损失

摘要 研究结果显示，当灰尘撞击光伏组件表面时，澳大利亚珀斯 1.5 kWp 系统和印度尼西亚努沙登加拉帖木尔 (NTT) 50 Wp 系统的月最大输出功率平均下降，分别约为 4.5% 和 8%。经济模型显示，由于这些系统表现出的灰尘，每千瓦时损失的生产成本分别为 0.26 澳元/千瓦时和 0.15 澳元/千瓦时。能源损失和维护成本的比较显示，珀斯系统在 10 月份需要人工清洁，而 NTT 系统在 8 月和 10 月需要清洁。虽然生产损失的节省在经济上并不重要，但建议采用这种清洁计划，特别是对于 NTT 中的小型系统，因为额外的输出会对偏远村庄的生活质量产生重大影响。主要发现是，与温带气候地区相比，部署在热带气候地区的光伏系统可能更适合部署更高的粉尘降额因子和更多的清洁活动。建议审查因污染而使用 5% 性能降额系数的光伏系统标准，并考虑与气候相关的降额系数。