The rapid development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has triggered a quest for lead (Pb)-free alternatives to improve their commercial viability. One such non-lead material, the methylammonium antimony iodide zero-dimensional dimer (CH₃NH₃)₃Sb₂I₉, was reported recently, but with a low photo conversion efficiency (PCE) resulting from its poor surface morphology (many pinholes; amorphous nature). In this study, we employed anti-solvent treatment to improve the surface morphology of the Sb-based dimer by speeding up heterogeneous nucleation. We also incorporated an interlayer that acted as a favorable hydrophobic scaffold for the growth of large-grain (CH₃NH₃)₃Sb₂I₉ crystals, thereby decreasing the number of the voids and increasing the film quality. We achieved a champion efficiency of 2.77%—a large improvement over the efficiencies reported previously. Using the techniques employed herein to prepare new perovskite-like materials, Sb-based photoabsorbers might become promising replacements for Pb-based perovskites.

钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的快速发展引发了对寻求无铅替代品以提高其商业可行性的要求。最近报道了一种这样的非铅材料，即甲基铵碘化碘化锑零维二聚体（CH ₃ NH ₃）₃ Sb ₂ I ₉，但是由于其表面形态差而导致光转换效率（PCE）低（许多针孔；无定形性质）。在这项研究中，我们采用了抗溶剂处理，通过加速异相成核作用来改善基于Sb的二聚体的表面形态。我们还引入了一个中间层，该中间层可作为大颗粒（CH ₃ NH ₃）₃ Sb ₂ I ₉晶体，从而减少了空隙的数量并提高了膜的质量。我们的冠军效率达到了2.77％，比以前报告的效率有了很大的提高。使用本文中采用的技术制备新的钙钛矿样材料，基于Sb的光吸收剂可能会成为基于Pb的钙钛矿的有前途的替代品。