Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) molecules are some of the newest and least understood players in gene regulation. Hence, we need good model systems with well-defined RNA and protein components. One such system is paraspeckles – protein-rich nuclear organelles built around a specific lncRNA scaffold. New discoveries show how paraspeckles are formed through multiple RNA–protein and protein–protein interactions, some of which involve extensive polymerization, and others with multivalent interactions driving phase separation. Once formed, paraspeckles influence gene regulation through sequestration of component proteins and RNAs, with subsequent depletion in other compartments. Here we focus on the dual aspects of paraspeckle structure and function, revealing an emerging role for these dynamic bodies in a multitude of cellular settings.

长非编码RNA（lncRNA）分子是基因调控领域中最新的，鲜为人知的角色。因此，我们需要具有定义明确的RNA和蛋白质成分的良好模型系统。这样的系统就是旁散斑-围绕特定lncRNA支架构建的富含蛋白质的核细胞器。新发现表明副斑点是如何通过多种RNA-蛋白质和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用形成的，其中一些涉及广泛的聚合反应，而另一些则具有多价相互作用，从而驱动相分离。散斑一旦形成，就会通过螯合成分蛋白和RNA来影响基因调控，随后在其他区室中消耗掉。在这里，我们专注于副斑点结构和功能的双重方面，揭示了这些动态物体在众多细胞环境中的新兴作用。