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Formation and Diffusion of Metal Impurities in Perovskite Solar Cell Material CH3NH3PbI3: Implications on Solar Cell Degradation and Choice of Electrode.
Advanced Science ( IF 14.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-27 , DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700662
Wenmei Ming 1 , Dongwen Yang 2 , Tianshu Li 2 , Lijun Zhang 2, 3 , Mao-Hua Du 1
Affiliation  

Solar cells based on methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) have shown remarkable progress in recent years and have demonstrated efficiencies greater than 20%. However, the long-term stability of MAPbI3-based solar cells has yet to be achieved. Besides the well-known chemical and thermal instabilities, significant native ion migration in lead halide perovskites leads to current-voltage hysteresis and photoinduced phase segregation. Recently, it is further revealed that, despite having excellent chemical stability, the Au electrode can cause serious solar cell degradation due to Au diffusion into MAPbI3. In addition to Au, many other metals have been used as electrodes in MAPbI3 solar cells. However, how the external metal impurities introduced by electrodes affect the long-term stability of MAPbI3 solar cells has rarely been studied. A comprehensive study of formation energetics and diffusion dynamics of a number of noble and transition metal impurities (Au, Ag, Cu, Cr, Mo, W, Co, Ni, Pd) in MAPbI3 based on first-principles calculations is reported herein. The results uncover important general trends of impurity formation and diffusion in MAPbI3 and provide useful guidance for identifying the optimal metal electrodes that do not introduce electrically active impurity defects in MAPbI3 while having low resistivities and suitable work functions for carrier extraction.

中文翻译:

钙钛矿太阳能电池材料 CH3NH3PbI3 中金属杂质的形成和扩散:对太阳能电池退化和电极选择的影响。

基于甲基铵三碘化铅 (MAPbI3) 的太阳能电池近年来取得了显着进展,效率已超过 20%。然而,基于 MAPbI3 的太阳能电池的长期稳定性尚未实现。除了众所周知的化学和热不稳定性之外,卤化铅钙钛矿中显着的原生离子迁移会导致电流-电压滞后和光致相分离。最近,进一步揭示,尽管Au电极具有优异的化学稳定性,但由于Au扩散到MAPbI3中,会导致严重的太阳能电池退化。除了 Au 之外,许多其他金属也被用作 MAPbI3 太阳能电池的电极。然而,电极引入的外部金属杂质如何影响MAPbI3太阳能电池的长期稳定性却鲜有研究。本文报告了基于第一性原理计算的 MAPbI3 中多种贵金属和过渡金属杂质(Au、Ag、Cu、Cr、Mo、W、Co、Ni、Pd)的形成能量学和扩散动力学的综合研究。结果揭示了 MAPbI3 中杂质形成和扩散的重要总体趋势,并为确定最佳金属电极提供了有用的指导,这些电极不会在 MAPbI3 中引入电活性杂质缺陷,同时具有低电阻率和适合载流子提取的功函数。
更新日期:2017-12-27
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