Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) combine refractory and structural properties, with a damage-tolerant behavior ensured by an interphase material, usually deposited on fibers. Unfortunately, surface deposition does not prevent contacts between fibers, which are responsible for the premature collective failure of fiber clusters and therefore for limited lifetime. Recently, a workaround has been proposed by transforming the surface of the fibers itself into a continuous monolayer coating. Here we describe an SiC fiber etching process by phosphoric acid vapors at atmospheric pressure and intermediate temperature (600–700 °C), leading to an in situ multilayer transformation into a (carbon/silicophosphate)_n coating, n ranging from unity to tens and layers thickness from 100 to 300 nm. The carbon layers are micro/mesoporous carbide-derived carbon (CDC) tubes with micrometric radii. This one-step etching process gives opportunity to create layered materials containing CDC even on complex geometries such as fabrics.

陶瓷基复合材料（CMC）结合了耐火材料和结构性能，并通过通常沉积在纤维上的相间材料确保了耐损伤性能。不幸的是，表面沉积并不能防止纤维之间的接触，这是造成纤维束过早集体破坏并因此限制使用寿命的原因。近来，已经提出了一种解决方法，将纤维本身的表面转变成连续的单层涂层。这里，我们描述的SiC纤维通过在大气压力和中间温度（600-700℃）磷酸蒸气蚀刻工艺，导致原位多层转变为（碳/硅磷酸盐）_Ñ涂覆，Ñ厚度范围从1到10纳米，层厚度从100到300 nm。碳层是具有微米半径的微米/亚微米级碳化物衍生碳（CDC）管。这一一步的蚀刻过程提供了机会，即使在复杂的几何形状（如织物）上，也可以创建包含CDC的分层材料。