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Degradation of triclosan and triclocarban and formation of transformation products in activated sludge using benchtop bioreactors
Environmental Research ( IF 7.7 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.048
Dana L. Armstrong , Nuria Lozano , Clifford P. Rice , Mark Ramirez , Alba Torrents

Benchtop bioreactors were run aerobically with activated sludge samples collected from a large municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to understand how increased hydraulic retention time (HRT), sludge retention time (SRT), and varying treatment temperatures (21 °C and 30 °C) impact concentrations of the endocrine disrupting antimicrobials triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC), and their transformation products. Samples from the reactors were collected periodically over a 122–196 h period and the solid and liquid fraction were separately quantitated for TCS, TCC, and methyltriclosan (MeTCS) and scanned qualitatively for six other transformation products. Results indicated that TCS, TCC and MeTCS were predominately associated with the solids fraction of the activated sludge with only nominal concentrations in the liquids fraction. TCS was degraded in the solids fraction, with increased rates at 30 °C (−0.0224 ± 0.007 h−1) when compared to reactors run at 21 °C (− 0.0170 ± 0.003 h−1). Conversely, TCC concentrations did not significantly change in solids samples from reactors run at 21 °C, while an increase in reactor temperature to 30 °C resulted in TCC degradation at an average rate of − 0.0158 ± 0.012 h−1. Additionally, MeTCS formation in the solids fraction was observed in three out of four reactors run - indicating a notable transformation of TCS. Qualitative appearance of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 4-chloroanaline was observed in the liquids fraction of all reactor samples. The remaining four qualitatively scanned compounds were not detected. These experiments demonstrate that increased HRT, SRT, and temperature result in enhanced removal of TCS and TCC from wastewater during the activated sludge process. Furthermore, a substantial formation of TCS into MeTCS was observed.



中文翻译:

使用台式生物反应器降解活性污泥中的三氯生和三氯卡班并形成转化产物

台式生物反应器需从大型市政废水处理厂(WWTP)收集的活性污泥样品中进行有氧操作,以了解如何增加水力停留时间(HRT),污泥停留时间(SRT)以及如何改变处理温度(21°C和30°C) )内分泌干扰抗微生物剂三氯生(TCS),三氯卡班(TCC)及其转化产物的影响浓度。在122–196小时内定期收集反应堆的样品,并分别对固相和液相馏分进行TCS,TCC和甲基三氯生(MeTCS)定量,并定性扫描其他六种转化产物。结果表明,TCS,TCC和MeTCS主要与活性污泥的固体部分相关,而液体部分中仅标称浓度。-1)与在21°C(-0.0170±0.003 h -1)下运行的反应器相比。相反,在21°C下运行的反应器中,固体样品中的TCC浓度没有显着变化,而将反应器温度提高到30°C时,TCC的平均降解速率为-0.0158±0.012 h -1。此外,在运行的四个反应器中,有三个反应器中观察到了固体部分中的MeTCS形成-表明TCS发生了明显的转变。在所有反应器样品的液体部分中均观察到2,4-二氯苯酚和4-氯苯胺的定性外观。未检测到其余四种定性扫描的化合物。这些实验表明,HRT,SRT和温度的提高导致活性污泥过程中废水中TCS和TCC的去除率提高。此外,观察到TCS大量形成MeTCS。

更新日期:2017-12-26
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