Background

For decades, fruit assessment without off-line interruption and sample destruction was a challenge for producers, researchers and food safety agencies. Efforts have therefore been exerted towards the introduction and advancements of innovative imaging technologies for fast, non-invasive and non-destructive monitoring of ripening and maturity stages of fresh produce.

Scope and approach

Owing to their non-destructive nature, environmental friendliness, reliability accuracy and simplicity of imaging techniques have been successfully exploited for rapid evaluation of ripening and maturity stages of fruits. The current review provides an overview of recent applications in the last few years. The imaging techniques presented include spectral techniques (Raman imaging, hyperspectral imaging, fluorescence imaging and laser light backscattering imaging), nuclear magnetic techniques (magnetic resonance imaging and soft x-ray) and other techniques including thermal imaging, infrared thermography and microwave imaging. The principles of these imaging techniques are also briefly highlighted, and their applicability is summarized.

Key findings and conclusions

The contemporary imaging techniques presented in this review portray continuous productiveness as excellent quality assessment, particularly for ripening and maturity analysis tools for fruits. Thus, these novel techniques hold great potentiality to replace conventional procedures, because such traditional approaches lack ability to examine fruit ripening and maturity indicators such as lycopene content, flesh freshness, soluble solid content, and other internal quality parameter rapidly and efficiently, furthermore such techniques are time consuming, laborious, destructive and tedious.

中文翻译：

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用于水果成熟和成熟的创新无损成像技术–近期应用综述

背景

几十年来，对水果的评估一直没有脱机中断和样品破坏的问题，对生产者，研究人员和食品安全机构来说都是一个挑战。因此，人们致力于引入和改进创新的成像技术，以快速，非侵入性和非破坏性地监测新鲜农产品的成熟和成熟阶段。

范围和方法

由于其无损的性质，已经成功地利用了环境友好性，可靠性准确性和成像技术的简便性来快速评估水果的成熟和成熟阶段。本篇综述概述了最近几年的最新应用。提出的成像技术包括光谱技术（拉曼成像，高光谱成像，荧光成像和激光反向散射成像），核磁技术（磁共振成像和软X射线）以及其他技术，包括热成像，红外热成像和微波成像。还简要强调了这些成像技术的原理，并总结了它们的适用性。

主要发现和结论

这篇评论中介绍的当代成像技术将连续生产描绘为出色的质量评估，尤其是用于水果的成熟度和成熟度分析工具。因此，这些新技术具有替代常规程序的巨大潜力，因为这种传统方法缺乏快速，有效地检查水果成熟度和成熟度指标（如番茄红素含量，果肉新鲜度，可溶性固形物含量和其他内部质量参数）的能力。既费时，费力，破坏性又乏味。