Abstract Nanostructured porous nanofiber membranes hold a great promise for ultrafast transport of ion and molecule but it remains a technologic challenge to fabricate them with stable nanochannels. We report the use of a new soft template of ionic liquid which has excellent fluidity and molecular-level size to produce porous nanofibers comprising interconnected ~ 4 nm pores/channels. In addition, the topology of the nanopores/channels can be facilely tailored by the types and loading amount of ionic liquids. After incorporating polymer matrix, an unique type of porous nanofibrous composite membranes (PNFCMs) was fabricated accordingly. In the PNFCMs, the nanochannels can well function as transfer shortcuts and uptake abundant water/moisture while releasing conducting groups, eventually permitting unparalleled proton conduction. The conductivity of PNFCM can be as high as 1.03 S cm−1 in hydrated condition and 0.22 S cm−1 in anhydrous condition, which is around 10 times higher than that of the state-of-the-art Nafion. As a further demonstration, the PNFCMs is used for hydrogen fuel cells, exhibiting excellent performance in anhydrous condition, making it great potential for practical application. This soft template approach is also expected to be used for fabrication of other nanostructured porous nanofiber membranes with well-defined porosity and nanostructures.

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用于无与伦比的质子传导的多孔纳米纤维复合膜

摘要 纳米结构多孔纳米纤维膜在离子和分子的超快传输方面具有广阔的前景，但制造具有稳定纳米通道的膜仍然是一项技术挑战。我们报告了使用具有优异流动性和分子级尺寸的新型离子液体软模板来生产多孔纳米纤维，其中包含互连的~4 nm 孔/通道。此外，纳米孔/通道的拓扑结构可以通过离子液体的类型和负载量轻松定制。在掺入聚合物基质后，相应地制造了一种独特类型的多孔纳米纤维复合膜（PNFCMs）。在 PNFCMs 中，纳米通道可以很好地作为传输捷径并吸收大量的水/水分，同时释放导电基团，最终实现无与伦比的质子传导。PNFCM 的电导率在水合条件下可高达 1.03 S cm-1，在无水条件下可高达 0.22 S cm-1，比最先进的 Nafion 的电导率高约 10 倍。作为进一步的证明，PNFCMs 用于氢燃料电池，在无水条件下表现出优异的性能，使其具有巨大的实际应用潜力。这种软模板方法也有望用于制造具有明确孔隙率和纳米结构的其他纳米结构多孔纳米纤维膜。使其具有巨大的实际应用潜力。这种软模板方法也有望用于制造具有明确孔隙率和纳米结构的其他纳米结构多孔纳米纤维膜。使其具有巨大的实际应用潜力。这种软模板方法也有望用于制造具有明确孔隙率和纳米结构的其他纳米结构多孔纳米纤维膜。