Changes in sialic acids in cancer have been observed for many years. In particular, the increase of sialoglycan density or hypersialylation in tumors has been described. Recent studies have identified mechanisms for immune evasion based on sialoglycan interactions with immunoregulatory Siglec receptors that are exploited by tumor cells and microorganisms alike. Siglecs are mostly inhibitory receptors similar to known immune checkpoints including PD-1 or CTLA-4 that are successfully targeted with blocking antibodies for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we summarize the known changes of sialic acids in cancer and the role Siglec receptors play in cancer immunity. We also focus on potential ways to target these Siglec receptors or sialoglycans in order to improve anti-cancer immunity.

中文翻译：

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靶向唾液酸-Siglec相互作用以逆转癌症中的免疫抑制

多年来，人们一直观察到癌症中唾液酸的变化。特别地，已经描述了肿瘤中唾液酸聚糖密度的增加或过度唾液酸化。最近的研究已经确定了基于唾液酸聚糖与免疫调节Siglec受体的唾液酸相互作用的机制，这些相互作用被肿瘤细胞和微生物所利用。Siglecs主要是与已知免疫检查点（包括PD-1或CTLA-4）相似的抑制性受体，已成功地将阻断抗体靶向用于癌症免疫治疗。在这里，我们总结了唾液酸在癌症中的已知变化以及Siglec受体在癌症免疫中的作用。我们还将重点研究针对这些Siglec受体或唾液聚糖的潜在方法，以提高抗癌免疫力。