Two high molecular weight (MW larger than 788 kDa) mushroom polysaccharides extracted by hot water (PRW) and micronized sonication-assisted cold alkali (mPRSon), were isolated from the sclerotia of Polyporus rhinocerus. PRW was a polysaccharide-protein complex with a highly branched (degree of branching DB 0.60) β-D-mannoglucan while mPRSon was a hyper-branched β-glucan (DB 0.85). PRW could bind to complement receptor 3 (CR3) and significantly induced THP-1 differentiation evidenced by cell morphology and enhanced phagocytic activity. A significant increase in the expression of surface markers including CD14, CD11b and HLA-DR as well as enhanced production of cytokines including IL-8, RANTES, GRO, MCP-1, MCP-2 and IL-6 were observed on THP-1 cells treated with PRW. In contrast, mPRSon could not either activate the Dectin-1 signaling or induce the THP-1 differentiation. High MW and DB mushroom sclerotial polysaccharide which has a structure of heteroglycan and protein is more immunopotent than pure homoglycan.

两个高的分子量（MW大于788 kDa）的通过热水（PRW）萃取和微粉化蘑菇多糖超声辅助的冷碱（mPRSon），购自的菌核分离猪苓rhinocerus。PRW是具有高度分支（分支度DB 0.60）的β-D-甘露聚糖的多糖-蛋白质复合物，而mPRSon是高度分支的β-葡聚糖（DB 0.85）。PRW可以结合补体受体3（CR3），并显着诱导THP-1分化，这由细胞形态和增强的吞噬活性证明。在THP-1上观察到表面标志物（包括CD14，CD11b和HLA-DR）的表达显着增加，并且细胞因子（包括IL-8，RANTES，GRO，MCP-1，MCP-2和IL-6）的产生增加PRW处理过的细胞。相反，mPRSon既不能激活Dectin-1信号传导，也不能诱导THP-1分化。具有杂聚糖和蛋白质结构的高分子量和DB蘑菇硬化多糖比纯高聚糖具有更高的免疫力。