Iodine is an essential micronutrient for human health: insufficient intake can have multiple effects on development and growth, affecting approximately 1.9 billion people worldwide. Previous reviews have focussed on iodine analysis in environmental and biological samples, however, no such review exists for the determination of iodine fractionation and speciation in soils. This article reviews the geodynamics of both stable ¹²⁷I and the long-lived isotope ¹²⁹I (t_1/2 = 15.7 million years), alongside the analytical methods for determining iodine concentrations in soils, including consideration of sample preparation. The ability to measure total iodine concentration in soils has developed significantly from rudimentary spectrophotometric analysis methods to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analysis with ICP-MS has been reported as the best method for determining iodine concentrations in a range of environmental samples and soils due to developments in extraction procedures and sensitivity, with extremely good detection limits typically <μg L⁻¹. The ability of ICP-MS to measure iodine and its capabilities to couple on-line separation tools has the significance to develop the understanding of iodine geodynamics. In addition, nuclear-related analysis and recent synchrotron light source analysis are discussed.

中文翻译：

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碘土壤动力学和测量方法：综述†

碘是人类健康必不可少的微量营养素：摄入不足会对发育和生长产生多重影响，全世界约有19亿人口受到影响。以前的评论集中在环境和生物样品中的碘分析上，但是，对于确定土壤中碘的分馏和形态分析，尚无此类评论。本文回顾了稳定的¹²⁷ I和长寿命同位素¹²⁹ I（t _1/2= 1570万年），以及用于确定土壤中碘浓度的分析方法，包括考虑样品的制备。从基本的分光光度分析方法到电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS），测量土壤中总碘浓度的能力已得到显着发展。据报道，由于萃取程序的发展和灵敏度的提高，ICP-MS分析是确定一系列环境样品和土壤中碘浓度的最佳方法，检测极限通常<μgL ^-1。ICP-MS测量碘的能力及其与在线分离工具耦合的能力，对于加深对碘地球动力学的理解具有重要意义。此外，还讨论了核相关分析和最近的同步加速器光源分析。