The body is exposed to foreign pathogens every day, but remarkably, most pathogens are effectively cleared by the innate immune system without the need to invoke the adaptive immune response. Key cellular components of the innate immune system include macrophages and neutrophils and the recruitment and function of these cells are tightly regulated by chemokines and cytokines in the tissue space. Innate immune responses are also known to regulate development of adaptive immune responses often via the secretion of various cytokines. In addition to these protein regulators, numerous lipid mediators can also influence innate and adaptive immune functions. In this review, we cover one particular lipid regulator, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and describe its synthesis and signaling and what is known about the ability of this lipid to regulate immunity and host defense against viral, fungal and bacterial pathogens.

中文翻译：

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前列腺素 E2 作为病原体免疫调节剂。

身体每天都会接触外来病原体，但值得注意的是，大多数病原体都可以被先天免疫系统有效清除，而不需要调用适应性免疫反应。先天免疫系统的关键细胞成分包括巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞，这些细胞的募集和功能受到组织空间中趋化因子和细胞因子的严格调节。已知先天免疫反应通常通过分泌​​各种细胞因子来调节适应性免疫反应的发展。除了这些蛋白质调节剂之外，许多脂质介质也可以影响先天性和适应性免疫功能。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了一种特殊的脂质调节剂——前列腺素 E2 (PGE2)，并描述了它的合成和信号传导，以及这种脂质调节免疫和宿主针对病毒、真菌和细菌病原体的防御能力的已知信息。