AbstractNanodiamonds were modified such that they carry thiol groups (ND-thiol). Gold nanoparticles were reacted with ND-thiol to obtain a highly stable conjugate of the type ND@AuNPs. Both ND-thiol and the ND@AuNPs were characterized by SEM, TEM, AFM, DLS, zeta potential, XPS, XRD, UV-Vis, Raman, FTIR and cytotoxicity studies. Their biocompatibility was confirmed via an MTT assay with HeLa cells. At a pH value of 6, the ND@AuNPs represent a colorimetric probe that can be used to selectively detect the illegally used β-adrenergic drug clenbuterol (CLB) and the pollutant chromium(III). Detection can be performed visually by monitoring the color change from wine red to purple blue, or by colorimetric measurement of the so-called SPR peaks at 651 and 710 nm. The color changes are due to aggregation, and this is confirmed by TEM and DLS data. The involvement of surface functional groups that assist in analyte recognition was verified by FTIR. The detection limits are 0.49 nM for CLB, and 0.37 nM for Cr(III). The ND@AuNPs were successfully applied to the determination of Cr(III) and CLB in spiked human urine samples. Notably, the low interference by other ions in the detection of Cr(III) in tap and lake water is confirmed by ICP-MS analyses. Graphical abstractNanodiamonds carrying thiol groups (ND-Thiol) were conjugated to gold nanoparticles, and the resulting ND@AuNPs are shown to be viable probes for the colorimetric detection of sub-nanomolar levels of clenbuterol (CLB) and Cr(III) ions, with demonstrated applicability to real water and urine samples.

中文翻译：

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与金纳米颗粒结合的纳米金刚石用于比色检测尿液中的克仑特罗和铬 (III)

摘要纳米金刚石经过修饰使其带有硫醇基团（ND-硫醇）。金纳米粒子与 ND-硫醇反应以获得高度稳定的 ND@AuNPs 型共轭物。ND-硫醇和 ND@AuNPs 均通过 SEM、TEM、AFM、DLS、zeta 电位、XPS、XRD、UV-Vis、拉曼、FTIR 和细胞毒性研究进行表征。它们的生物相容性通过 HeLa 细胞的 MTT 测定得到证实。在 pH 值为 6 时，ND@AuNPs 是一种比色探针，可用于选择性检测非法使用的 β-肾上腺素能药物克仑特罗 (CLB) 和污染物铬 (III)。通过监测从酒红色到紫蓝色的颜色变化，或通过比色测量 651 和 710 nm 处所谓的 SPR 峰，可以直观地进行检测。颜色变化是由于聚集引起的，这由 TEM 和 DLS 数据证实。FTIR 验证了参与分析物识别的表面官能团的参与。CLB 的检测限为 0.49 nM，Cr(III) 的检测限为 0.37 nM。ND@AuNPs 成功应用于测定加标人尿样品中的 Cr(III) 和 CLB。值得注意的是，ICP-MS 分析证实了其他离子对自来水和湖水中 Cr(III) 检测的低干扰。图形摘要携带硫醇基团的纳米金刚石 (ND-Thiol) 与金纳米粒子结合，所得 ND@AuNPs 被证明是用于比纳摩尔水平的瘦肉精 (CLB) 和 Cr(III) 离子比色检测的可行探针，与证明适用于真实的水和尿液样本。Cr(III) 为 0.37 nM。ND@AuNPs 成功应用于测定加标人尿样品中的 Cr(III) 和 CLB。值得注意的是，ICP-MS 分析证实了其他离子对自来水和湖水中 Cr(III) 检测的低干扰。图形摘要携带硫醇基团的纳米金刚石 (ND-Thiol) 与金纳米粒子结合，所得 ND@AuNPs 被证明是用于比纳摩尔水平的瘦肉精 (CLB) 和 Cr(III) 离子比色检测的可行探针，与证明适用于真实的水和尿液样本。Cr(III) 为 0.37 nM。ND@AuNPs 成功应用于测定加标人尿样品中的 Cr(III) 和 CLB。值得注意的是，ICP-MS 分析证实了其他离子对自来水和湖水中 Cr(III) 检测的低干扰。图形摘要携带硫醇基团的纳米金刚石 (ND-Thiol) 与金纳米粒子结合，所得 ND@AuNPs 被证明是用于比纳摩尔水平的瘦肉精 (CLB) 和 Cr(III) 离子比色检测的可行探针，与证明适用于真实的水和尿液样本。