Abstract Fluorinated surfactants, especially perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its derivatives, are frequently used in many industries. However, they are harmful to human health and the environment. While surfactants with only short fluorocarbon chains have lower toxicity, their physical properties need improvement. In this study, we synthesized novel anionic fluorinated surfactants with two short fluorocarbon chains per molecule, using the condensation reaction of fluoroalcohol and fluoroalkyl glycidyl ether in two-step reactions, which are carried out under mild conditions with easy work-up procedures and high yield (>80%). The products were structurally characterized, and their performance as surfactants were systematically analyzed. The critical micelle concentrations of the final products were found to be low (0.31–1.15 mmol/L), and their surface tension in 1% aqueous solution was within the range of 15.7–22.8 mN/m. These results suggest that despite their short fluorocarbon chains, these new surfactants are valuable alternatives to PFOA and its derivatives.

中文翻译：

---

含两个短氟烷基的新型阴离子表面活性剂的合成及表面活性

摘要 氟化表面活性剂，特别是全氟辛酸（PFOA）及其衍生物，在许多行业中经常使用。然而，它们对人类健康和环境有害。虽然只有短氟碳链的表面活性剂毒性较低，但它们的物理性质需要改进。在这项研究中，我们利用氟醇和氟烷基缩水甘油醚的两步缩合反应合成了每分子具有两个短碳氟链的新型阴离子氟化表面活性剂，该反应在温和的条件下进行，后处理程序简单，收率高(>80%)。对产物进行了结构表征，并系统分析了它们作为表面活性剂的性能。发现最终产品的临界胶束浓度很低 (0.31–1.15 mmol/L)，它们在 1% 水溶液中的表面张力在 15.7-22.8 mN/m 范围内。这些结果表明，尽管它们的碳氟化合物链很短，但这些新的表面活性剂是全氟辛酸及其衍生物的有价值的替代品。