The diffuse radiation collected by PV modules is coupled with a view‐factor of the module to sky, which varies across the module surface in multiple‐row installations. The view‐factor variation inflicts current mismatch between the module strings by virtue of the nonuniform solar flux absorbed by the module's cells, leading in turn to an overall reduction in performance. The following study establishes a theoretical framework for predicting the step‐wise properties of the module I‐V curve following the current mismatch induced by the view‐factor. To illustrate the steps pattern, synthetic I‐V curves are derived by using the 5‐parameter PV cell single‐diode model in conjunction with 3 additional parameters that account for the cell's avalanche breakdown. We investigate the steps pattern as well as the power losses incurred by the view‐factor by simulating different types of PV deployments over a range diffuse radiation rates. For a tilted module installed on a horizontal plane, for instance, the study predicts a reduction in power ranging 2.8% to 25%, depending on the precentage diffuse radiation on the site in question.

中文翻译：

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I-V特性的因果效应整形

光伏组件收集的漫射辐射与组件对天空的视场因素耦合，在多行安装中，组件的视场因组件表面而异。由于模块单元吸收的不均匀太阳光通量，视角因素的变化会导致模块串之间的电流失配，进而导致整体性能下降。下面的研究建立了一个理论框架，用于预测因视图因素引起的电流失配而导致的模块I-V曲线的逐步特性。为了说明步骤模式，通过使用5参数PV电池单二极管模型结合3个其他参数（这些参数说明了电池的雪崩击穿），得出了合成的I-V曲线。通过模拟在一定范围内的不同辐射扩散率下的不同类型的PV部署，我们研究了阶跃模式以及由视图因子引起的功率损耗。例如，对于安装在水平面上的倾斜模块，该研究预测功率会降低2.8％至25％，具体取决于相关站点上的扩散辐射百分比。