Abstract In addition to high energy conversion efficiency and considerable fuel flexibility, the advantage of high-quality exhaust energy of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) allows it to be combined with gas turbines (GT) to form a SOFC/GT hybrid generation system. This article makes a comprehensive review on the state of the art of macroscopic SOFC models and model-based control of the SOFC/GT hybrid system. Several topics in modeling of electrochemistry and transport in SOFC are first presented, including multi-component mass transfer, internal reforming, detailed radiative heat transfer, surface diffusion, and our new viewpoints on H2/CO electrochemical co-oxidation and physical resolution of electrochemical impedance spectra, etc. Then the SOFC models are summarized in different dimensions and from steady-state to transient. After a basic summary of the balancing unit models, the issues of system layout, safe operation region, off-design and part-load operation, load following, control strategies, decentralized/centralized controllers, and hardware-in-the-loop simulation of the SOFC/GT hybrid system are investigated. Some useful data have been sorted out in tabular form for easy access. The analytical solutions can play an important role in bridging the gap between mechanistic and system-level models. Some perspectives on the advanced models and model-based control are finally presented.

中文翻译：

---

固体氧化物燃料电池 (SOFC) 的宏观建模和 SOFC 和燃气轮机混合系统的基于模型的控制

摘要 固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）除了能量转换效率高、燃料灵活性好外，还具有高品质尾气能量的优势，可以与燃气轮机（GT）结合形成SOFC/GT混合发电系统。本文对 SOFC/GT 混合系统的宏观 SOFC 模型和基于模型的控制的最新技术进行了全面回顾。首次介绍了 SOFC 中电化学和传输建模的几个主题，包括多组分传质、内部重整、详细的辐射传热、表面扩散，以及我们对 H2/CO 电化学共氧化和电化学阻抗物理分辨率的新观点光谱等。然后 SOFC 模型在不同的维度和从稳态到瞬态进行总结。在对平衡单元模型进行基本总结后，系统布局、安全运行区域、非设计和部分负载运行、负载跟随、控制策略、分散/集中控制器和硬件在环仿真等问题SOFC/GT 混合系统进行了研究。一些有用的数据已经整理成表格形式，方便查阅。解析解可以在弥合机械级模型和系统级模型之间的差距方面发挥重要作用。最后提出了一些关于先进模型和基于模型的控制的观点。一些有用的数据已经整理成表格形式，方便查阅。解析解可以在弥合机械级模型和系统级模型之间的差距方面发挥重要作用。最后提出了一些关于先进模型和基于模型的控制的观点。一些有用的数据已经整理成表格形式，方便查阅。解析解可以在弥合机械级模型和系统级模型之间的差距方面发挥重要作用。最后提出了一些关于先进模型和基于模型的控制的观点。