A thrombus (blood clot), composed mainly of activated platelets and fibrin, obstructs arteries or veins, leading to various life-threatening diseases. Inspired by the distinctive physicochemical characteristics of thrombi such as abundant fibrin and an elevated level of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), we developed thrombus-specific theranostic (T-FBM) nanoparticles that could provide H₂O₂-triggered photoacoustic signal amplification and serve as an antithrombotic nanomedicine. T-FBM nanoparticles were designed to target fibrin-rich thrombi and be activated by H₂O₂ to generate CO₂ bubbles to amplify the photoacoustic signal. In the phantom studies, T-FBM nanoparticles showed significant amplification of ultrasound/photoacoustic signals in a H₂O₂-triggered manner. T-FBM nanoparticles also exerted H₂O₂-activatable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet activities on endothelial cells. In mouse models of carotid arterial injury, T-FBM nanoparticles significantly enhanced the photoacoustic contrast specifically in thrombosed vessels and significantly suppressed thrombus formation. We anticipate that T-FBM nanoparticles hold great translational potential as nanotheranostics for H₂O₂-associated cardiovascular diseases.

中文翻译：

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分子工程治疗血栓形成纳米颗粒：H ₂ O _2可激活的对比增强型光声成像和抗血栓治疗

血栓（血凝块）主要由活化的血小板和纤维蛋白组成，会阻塞动脉或静脉，导致各种威胁生命的疾病。受血栓独特的理化特性（例如丰富的纤维蛋白和过高的过氧化氢（H ₂ O ₂））的启发，我们开发了血栓特异性治疗血栓症（T-FBM）纳米粒子，可以提供H ₂ O ₂触发的光声信号放大并用作抗血栓形成的纳米药物。T-FBM纳米颗粒设计用于靶向富含纤维蛋白的血栓，并被H ₂ O ₂激活以生成CO ₂气泡以放大光声信号。在幻像研究中，T-FBM纳米粒子以H ₂ O ₂触发的方式显示出超声/光声信号的显着放大。T-FBM纳米颗粒还对内皮细胞发挥H ₂ O ₂激活的抗氧化剂，抗炎和抗血小板活性。在小鼠颈动脉损伤模型中，T-FBM纳米颗粒显着增强了血栓血管中的光声对比度，并显着抑制了血栓形成。我们预计，T-FBM纳米粒子具有巨大的翻译潜力，可作为H ₂ O ₂相关心血管疾病的纳米治疗剂。